CLEVELAND, HORACE WILLIAM SHALER

born Dec. 16, 1814, Lancaster, Mass., U.S. died Dec. 5, 1900, Hinsdale, Ill. American landscape architect who, with his better known contemporary Frederick Law Olmsted, developed landscape architecture into a recognized profession in the United States. Educated as a civil engineer, Cleveland farmed for a while and then became a landscape gardener. He designed the municipal park systems of Minneapolis, Minn., and Omaha, Neb.; Washington and South Shore parks, Chicago; and Roger Williams Park, Providence, R.I. In several books and pamphlets on landscape architecture, he stressed the interpretation of its principles in terms of Midwestern physical geography.