CONFEDERATION GROUP

Canadian English-language poets of the late 19th century whose work expressed the national consciousness inspired by the Confederation of 1867. Their transcendental and romantic praise of the Canadian landscape dominated Canadian poetry until the 20th century. The Confederation group is also called the Maple Tree school because of the love characteristically shown for that dominant feature of the Canadian landscape. The group includes four poets, all born between 1860 and 1862: Charles G.D. Roberts, whose Orion and Other Poems (1880) heralded the movement; Bliss Carman, who wrote lyrics on nature, love, and the open road; Archibald Lampman, outstanding for his vivid descriptions of nature; and Duncan Campbell Scott, who composed ballads and dramas of the northern Ontario wilderness. The group's members wrote in a classic form, often on themes of love or philosophical speculation against the backdrop of nature; and they all reacted to the growing industrialization of Canada by retreating to the as yet unspoiled wilderness.