CORPUS CHRISTI, FEAST OF

festival of the Western Christian Church in honour of the Real Presence of the body (corpus) of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist. A movable observance, it is observed on the Thursday (or, in some countries, the Sunday) after Trinity Sunday. It originated in 1246 when Robert de Torote, bishop of Lige, ordered the festival celebrated in his diocese. He was persuaded to initiate the feast by Blessed Juliana, prioress of Mont Cornillon near Lige (122258), who had experienced a vision. It did not spread until 1261, when Jacques Pantalon, formerly archdeacon of Lige, became pope as Urban IV. In 1264 he ordered the whole church to observe the feast. Urban's order was confirmed by Pope Clement V at the Council of Vienne in 131112. By the mid-14th century the festival was generally accepted, and in the 15th century it became, in effect, the principal feast of the church. The procession became the feast's most prominent feature and was a pageant in which sovereigns and princes took part, as well as magistrates and members of guilds. In the 15th century the procession was customarily followed by the performance by guild members of miracle plays and mystery plays. After the doctrine of transubstantiation was rejected during the Reformation, the festival was suppressed in Protestant churches.