DALEY, RICHARD J(OSEPH)

born May 15, 1902, Chicago, Ill., U.S. died Dec. 20, 1976, Chicago mayor of Chicago from 1955 until his death; he was reelected every fourth year through 1975. Daley was called the last of the big-city bosses because of his tight control of Chicago politics through widespread job patronage. He attained great power in national Democratic Party politics. Admitted to the Illinois bar in 1933, Daley served as a state representative and senator (193646), state director of revenue (194850), and clerk of Cook County (195055) before being elected mayor. During his mayoralty he gained the confidence of the business community through large-scale urban renewal and highway construction projects and through a sweeping reform of the police department. Daley's administration was criticized, however, for its reluctance to check racial segregation in housing and in the public schools; for its encouragement of the construction of tall office buildings in the downtown area; and for its measures taken against demonstrators during the Democratic National Convention in 1968. His last years were marred by scandals centred on members of his administration, though none of these touched Daley himself. Daley's eldest son, Richard M. Daley, became mayor of Chicago in 1989.