FATEH SINGH, SANT

born Oct. 27, 1911, Punjab, India died Oct. 30, 1972, Amritsar, Punjab Sikh religious leader who became the foremost campaigner for Sikh rights in post-independence India. Fateh Singh spent most of his early career in social and educational activities around Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan, western India. In the 1940s he, Tara Singh, and other Sikh leaders joined the Quit India movement, a confederation of Indians determined to force Great Britain to give up India. India gained its independence in 1947, and by 1955 Fateh Singh and Tara Singh were advocating the establishment of Punjabi Suba, a Punjabi-speaking autonomous state in India in which Sikh religious, cultural, and linguistic integrity could be preserved intact. In the early 1960s Fateh Singh entered a power struggle with Tara Singh over the leadership of the Sikh movement for the autonomy of the Punjab. The conflict between the two Sikh leaders ended in 1962 in victory for Fateh Singh when he founded his own political party (the Akali Party) as a rival to Tara Singh's Akali Party. Fateh Singh eventually became the leader of the entire Sikh community, and in 1966, partly owing to his agitation, a separate Punjabi-speaking state (Punjab) was established in India.