FILTER FEEDING

in zoology, a form of food procurement in which food particles or small organisms are randomly strained from water. Filter feeding is found primarily among the small- to medium-sized invertebrates but occurs in a few large vertebrates (e.g., flamingos, baleen whales). In bivalves such as the clam, the gills, larger than necessary for respiration, also function to strain suspended material out of the water. Hairlike filaments called cilia produce a water current over the gills, and other cilia move the trapped food particles along the gill face and into food grooves. Many bristle-worms, such as the fan worm Sabella, have ciliated tentacles near the mouth, which entrap passing food particles. The limbs of certain crustaceans, including the brine shrimp Artemia, bear hairlike setae that filter tiny organisms as the animal swims. The blue whale has baleen, or whalebone, in place of teeth. These narrow vertical plates, which hang inside the mouth cavity, are fringed on the inner edges to trap the shrimplike krill engulfed by the whale in a mouthful of water.