FOOTE, SAMUEL

(baptized Jan. 27, 1720, Truro, Cornwall, Eng.d. Oct. 21, 1777, Dover, Kent), English actor, wit, and playwright whose gift for mimicry, often directed at his peers, made him a figure of both fear and delight on the London stage. Foote attended Worcester College, Oxford, but left without taking a degree. In 1744, having dissipated his inheritance, he turned to the theatre. His first efforts were not successful, but, while playing in the 2nd Duke of Buckingham's Rehearsal, he demonstrated his ability as a mimic. In 1747 he presented a series of farcical entertainments called Diversions of the Morning, in which he ridiculed other actors and celebrities. Later, to avoid the restraints of the Licensing Act, which required patents for public performances, he styled his entertainments for his friends as teas. After 1753 Foote returned occasionally to the regular stage, but he was unsuccessful except in his own plays, which, like his teas, depended on topical allusions and mimicry. Foote was adept in exploiting any event for his purposes, even his own misfortune. In 1766 he fell from a horse and broke his leg, which had to be amputated. Characteristically, he turned this to account by writing The Devil Upon Two Sticks and The Lame Lover. Another consequence of this misfortune was that the Duke of York, who was responsible for the accident, secured for Foote a life patent, which permitted him to continue his performances without subterfuge. Foote was undoubtedly a man of many talents, but he employed them only in savage attacks upon others. David Garrick, who frequently befriended him, avoided Foote's public ridicule only through flattery. Samuel Johnson, who considered Foote's wit irresistible, was obliged to threaten physical chastisement. In 1777, however, Foote met his match. Agents of the notorious Elizabeth Chudleigh, Duchess of Kingston, whom Foote had satirized in A Trip to Calais and The Capuchin, retaliated with such persistence that he was compelled to quit the stage.