FORBES, GEORGE WILLIAM

born May 12, 1869, Lyttelton, N.Z. died May 17, 1947, Cheviot farmer and politician who served as prime minister of New Zealand during the depression years (193035). Forbes held a seat in the House of Representatives for thirty-five years as member for Hurunui (190843). He began his political career as a member of the Liberal Party, and when that party declined he became in 1928 a leader of the newly created United Party. However, he stepped aside when the ailing 72-year-old former prime minister, Sir Joseph Ward, formed a government of the United Party with Labour support (1928). Forbes was minister of lands and agriculture but de facto head of the Cabinet until asked to form his own ministry in 1930. At odds with the Labour Party, Forbes formed a coalition government with the Reform Party and went on to win a general election in 1931. As prime minister he maintained only the most conservative policies to combat the deepening depression, however. His government allowed widespread reductions of wages by employers, and his deflationary policies further contracted an already shrinking economy, thus swelling the ranks of the unemployed. Overwhelmingly defeated by the Labour Party in elections in 1935, he became leader of the opposition, helped to form the new National Party out of the then-moribund United Party, and resigned from leadership though reelected to his seat (1938).