GLACE BAY

town, Cape Breton county, northeastern Nova Scotia, Canada. It lies on the eastern shore of Cape Breton Island, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, just east of Sydney. An important coal-mining town (into the 1980s) and port, it developed (along with the adjacent communities of Dominion and Reserve Mines) after major mining operations began in 1858. The town's name is indicative of the annual drift ice (glace) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and dates from the French period. After 1960 mining declined in the locality, principally because of the exhaustion of the more accessible coal seams, leaving the town more heavily dependent upon such industries as fishing and fish processing. The town has a notable miners' museum and a replica of a 19th-century miners' village. The Italian inventor Marchese Guglielmo Marconi sent a transatlantic wireless message from a transmitting tower near Glace Bay in 1902, a year after the town was incorporated. Pop. (1991) 19,501.