GRAHAME, KENNETH

born March 8, 1859, Edinburgh, Scot. died July 6, 1932, Pangbourne, Berkshire, Eng. author of The Wind in the Willows (1908), one of the English classics of children's literature. Its animal characters-principally Mole, Rat, Badger, and Toad-combine captivating human traits with authentic animal habits. It is a story that adults have enjoyed as much as children. Orphaned at an early age, Grahame went to live with his grandmother in England and attended St. Edward's School, Oxford. Money was lacking for him to go to the university; hence his family guided him into a career at the Bank of England, with which he stayed until ill health compelled him to retire in 1907. Meanwhile he contributed articles to such journals as the St. James Gazette and the Yellow Book and published collections of sketches, stories, and essays-Pagan Papers (1893), The Golden Age (1895), and Dream Days (1898)-all of which reveal his sensitive understanding of childhood. The Wind in the Willows was dramatized by A.A. Milne as Toad of Toad Hall (1930) and became a frequently performed Christmas play. Additional reading Peter Green, Kenneth Grahame: A Biography (also published as Kenneth Grahame, 1859-1932; 1959); Lois Kuznets, Kenneth Grahame (1987).