INLAND WATER ECOSYSTEM

complex of living organisms in free water on continental landmasses. Inland waters represent parts of the biosphere within which marked biological diversity, complex biogeochemical pathways, and an array of energetic processes occur. Although from a geographic perspective inland waters represent only a small fraction of the biosphere, when appreciated from an ecological viewpoint, they are seen to be major contributors to biospheric diversity, structure, and function. Additional reading G. Evelyn Hutchinson, A Treatise on Limnology, 4 vol. (195793), provides essential reading for anyone interested in a serious study of inland waters. Robert G. Wetzel, Limnology, 2nd ed. (1983), is a basic and thorough text on the major limnological features of lakes. Mary J. Burgis and Pat Morris, The Natural History of Lakes (1987), presents global coverage. Jrgen Schwoerbel, Handbook of Limnology (1987; originally published in German, 1984), is a comprehensive treatment. R. Margalef (ed.), Limnology Now: A Paradigm of Planetary Problems (1994), discusses many subjects of direct relevance to the importance of inland waters within the biosphere. Gerald A. Cole, Textbook of Limnology, 4th ed. (1994), explains many of the physicochemical events associated with inland waters. Lake Biwa Research Institute and International Lake Environment Committee (eds.), Data Book of World Lake Environments: A Survey of the State of World Lakes, 2 vol. (198789), looks at the physicochemical and biological features of many of the world's lakes. U. Theodore Hammer, Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World (1986), offers a full account of inland saline ecosystems. H.B.N. Hynes, The Ecology of Running Waters (1970), although dated, is a classic text and still an excellent guide. William A. Niering, Wetlands (1985), introduces the major types of water found in North America and their biota. Brian Moss, Ecology of Fresh Waters, 2nd ed. (1988), explores the ecology of freshwater lakes and rivers. R.S.K. Barnes and K.h. Mann (eds.), Fundamentals of Aquatic Ecology, 2nd ed. (1991), contains several relevant essays on inland waters. Max Finlayson and Michael Moser (eds.), Wetlands (1991), deals with all inland waters of the world from a conservation perspective. National Research Council (U.S.), Committee on Restoration of Aquatic EcosystemsScience, Technology, and Public Policy, Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policy (1992), discusses how to restore to natural or near-natural conditions inland waters that have been altered by human abuse. William David Williams