INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE

formerly Paris Herald Tribune, daily newspaper published in Paris, France, that has long been the staple source of English-language news for American expatriates, tourists, and businessmen in Europe. Its roots are in the Paris Herald, which was established in 1887 by James Gordon Bennett, Jr., a few years after he sent Henry M. Stanley to Africa to find David Livingstone for his New York Herald. After Bennett died in 1918, Frank A. Munsey bought the Paris edition along with its New York City parent. After seeking vainly to buy the New York Tribune to combine with the Herald, he did a turnabout and sold the Herald to the Tribune, and the merger came about in reverse. The Paris Herald Tribune enjoyed great popularityas the Paris edition of the New York Herald-Tribuneand was affectionately called Le New York by many Parisians. The paper shared its own reportage with the New York Herald-Tribune and had full access to the latter's stories. It was shut down for four years when the Germans occupied Paris in World War II, but it regained its old momentum and was faring well in the 1960s when rising costs, falling revenues, and a lengthy strike swept its parent into a series of mergers and eventual extinction. The Paris edition was rescuedrenamed International Herald Tribuneby a joint venture of The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Whitney Communications. The Tribune's headquarters remain in Paris, but the paper is now printed simultaneously by satellite in cities around the world, including Hong Kong, Singapore, London, The Hague, and Miami, Fla.