KNICKERBOCKER SCHOOL

group of writers active in and around New York City during the first half of the 19th century. Taking its name from Washington Irving's Knickerbocker's History of New York (1809), the group, whose affiliation was more a regional than an aesthetic matter, sought to promote a genuinely American national culture and establish New York City as its literary centre. The most important members of the group were Irving, his friend the novelist J.K. Paulding, James Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant. Other writers associated with the group were the abolitionist and woman-suffrage crusader Lydia M. Child, editor and politician G.C. Verplanck, Clement Moore, scholar and author of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas (1823), and the poet and travel writer Bayard Taylor. The Knickerbocker Magazine (183365), a literary monthly edited by Lewis G. and Willis G. Clark, though not an official organ of the group, published members' work.