LAUDER, WILLIAM

died 1771, Barbados, West Indies Scottish literary forger, known for his fraudulent attempt to prove Milton a plagiarist. Educated at the University of Edinburgh, Lauder was a competent classical scholar. He was, however, embittered by a series of failures, and seeking public recognition, he published in 1747 a series of essays in the Gentleman's Magazine, subsequently collected as An Essay on Milton's Use and Imitation of the Moderns in his Paradise Lost (1750). In preparation for his essays, Lauder interpolated lines from a Latin translation of Paradise Lost into the Latin verse of several 17th-century poets, notably Hugo Grotius, Jacobus Masenius, and Andrew Ramsay. By citing these lines and garbling others, he proved that Paradise Lost was merely a patchwork of stolen quotations. As most of the allegedly plagiarized passages were absent from the extant editions of their Latin sources, Lauder's forgery was soon detected by several scholars and exposed definitively by the scholar John Douglas in 1750. When this occurred, Dr. Samuel Johnson, who had unwittingly supported Lauder's early inquiries, extracted from him a public confession and apology. Although Lauder later attempted to recoup his reputation, vacillating between an arrogant defense of his position (in 1753 he charged that Milton had robbed a total of 97 authors) and a weak insinuation that the whole affair was a joke, he was regarded with great contempt and ended his days in the West Indies as a poor storekeeper.