LIME

calcium oxide, an alkaline inorganic compound of calcium (q.v.). (Citrus aurantifolia), tree widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas and its edible acid fruits. The tree seldom grows more than 5 m (16 feet) high and if not pruned becomes shrublike. Its branches spread and are irregular, with short, stiff twigs, small leaves, and many small, sharp thorns. The leaves are pale green; the small white flowers are usually borne in clusters. The fruit is about 3 to 4 cm (1 to 1.5 inches) in diameter, oval to nearly globular in shape, often with a small apical nipple; the peel is thin and greenish yellow when the fruit is ripe. The pulp is tender, juicy, yellowish green in colour, and decidedly acid. Limes exceed lemons in both acid and sugar content. There are, however, some varieties so lacking in citric acid that they are known as sweet limes. These are grown to some extent in Egypt and other tropical countries. Limes probably originated in the Indonesian archipelago or the nearby mainland of Asia. The Arabs may have taken limes, as well as lemons, from India to the eastern Mediterranean countries and Africa around AD 1000. Limes were introduced to the western Mediterranean countries by returning crusaders in the 12th and 13th centuries. Columbus took citrus-fruit seed, probably including limes, to the West Indies on his second voyage in 1493, and the trees soon became widely distributed in the West Indies, Mexico, and Florida. Brazil leads in lime production, producing around 700,000 metric tons per year. Mexico produces about 530,000 tons annually and the U.S. about 44,000, mainly in southern Florida. Limes are grown throughout the West Indies and to a limited extent in practically all citrus-growing areas. Tahiti lime trees resemble lemon trees and are larger and more vigorous than the Mexican, with larger and darker coloured leaves. The fruit is larger and more elongated than the Mexican lime, the peel is thicker, and the fruit is nearly seedless. The lime fruit is a key ingredient in certain pickles and chutneys. Juice of the lime is used to flavour drinks, food, and confections. Limeade and other lime-flavoured drinks have a flavour and bouquet quite distinct from those made from lemons. The juice may be concentrated, dried, frozen, or canned. Lime oil is processed mainly in the West Indies. Citrate of lime and citric acid are also prepared from the fruit. Limes contain vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and were formerly used in the British Navy to prevent scurvy; hence the nickname Limey. The basswood, or linden, tree (a species of Tilia) is also called lime in England.