LISA, MANUEL

born Sept. 8, 1772, New Orleans died Aug. 12, 1820, St. Louis, Mo., U.S. U.S. fur trader who helped to open up the Missouri River area to the white man in the early 19th century. Of Spanish descent, Lisa automatically gained citizenship when Louisiana was purchased by the United States in 1803. Entering the fur trade out of St. Louis at an early age, he soon became one of the leading traders on the upper Mississippi. He was granted a monopoly of trade with the Osage Indians in 1802, but this ended with the transfer of national dominion two years later. He led a number of river expeditions and in 1807 established a trading post at the mouth of the Bighorn River (located in present Montana). The following year he built Ft. Raymond there for trade with the Crow Indians; later called Manuel's Fort, it was the first such outpost on the upper Mississippi. In 1811 there occurred a race famous in Missouri River folklore, when the river barge of a search party led by Lisa overtook at the Niobrara River a flotilla sent out three weeks earlier by John Jacob Astor's trading company. After meeting, the two parties cooperated, and Lisa's return to home base was uneventful. Near what later became the site of Omaha, Neb., Lisa established Ft. Lisa, which from 1813 to 1822 was the most important post on the Missouri, controlling trade with the Omaha, Pawnee, Oto, and other neighbouring Indians. In 1814 Lisa was appointed subagent for all tribes on the Missouri above the mouth of the Kansas River.