MACHADO (Y RUIZ), MANUEL

born Aug. 29, 1874, Seville died Jan. 19, 1947, Madrid Spanish poet and playwright, brother of Antonio Machado. The son of an Andalusian folklorist, he is best known for his popular poetry inspired by traditional folklore, as in Cante hondo (1912; Singing from the Depths). He collaborated with his brother on several verse plays, including Desdichas de fortuna o Julianillo Valcrcel (1926; Miseries of Fortune; or, Julianillo Valcrcel) and La Lola se va a los puertos (1930; La Lola Is Seen in Doorways). During his youth he led a Bohemian existence, residing in Paris and becoming a leading figure in the Spanish Modernist movement. His poems of this period, Alma (1902; Soul), reveal the influence of the Symbolists and Parnassians, especially Verlaine and Rubn Daro. El mal poema (1909; The Evil Poem) is one of the first attempts in Spanish poetry to convey the sordidness of city life through the use of slang and sarcasm. After his marriage in 1909 he became a librarian and achieved success as a journalist. He supported the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War (193639), while his brother Antonio supported the Republicans. He was director of Madrid's municipal museum from the mid-1920s until 1944.