MAN-CHOU-LI

Pinyin Manzhouli, formerly (191049) Lupin, city in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, China. It is situated on the border opposite the Russian town of Zabaykalsk and lies 100 miles (160 km) west of Hailar and 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Lake Hu-lun. Man-chou-li was long a small Mongolian settlement in the Hu-lun-pei-erh League. It developed after 1900 when it became the western terminus of the Russian-built Chinese Eastern Railway and a junction with Russia's Siberian railway system. It rapidly grew as a customs station and as a market and communication centre. After the fall of the Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty in 1911, the city suffered from a Mongolian invasion. Chinese control was restored in 1914, but in 1920 the local Mongolians rebelled and attained some measure of local autonomy. In 1931, after coming under Japanese control, the city acquired some industry. There are coal (lignite) deposits in the vicinity. Pop. (1990 est.) 120,023.