MANDEL, GEORGES

born June 5, 1885, Chatou, France died July 7, 1944, Fontainebleau original name Louis-georges Rothschild French political leader noted for his hostility toward Nazi Germany. A member of a prosperous Jewish family, though not related to the Rothschild banking dynasty, Mandel served on the personal staff of Premier Georges Clemenceau from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 to 1920. He also served as a deputy in the National Assembly from 1919 to 1924 and from 1928 to 1940. Mandel was a conservative and was strongly opposed to the policies of the left, but he was equally opposed to the pro-German policies of many conservatives between World Wars I and II. He served as minister of posts in four successive governments (193436) and as minister of colonies from April 1938 to May 1940, when Premier Paul Reynaud transferred him to the Ministry of the Interior. In May and June 1940 he supported Reynaud, who advocated continuing to fight the Germans from the French colonies in Africa. Mandel was among the political leaders who vowed to refuse an armistice and, on June 21, 1940, sailed from Bordeaux to Africa aboard the Massilia. Arrested in Morocco, he was transported to France and imprisoned. Later he was delivered to the Germans in November 1942. After a stay at the concentration camps of Oranienburg and Buchenwald, he was sent back to Paris on July 4, 1944. Three days later he was shot on orders of Joseph Darnand, head of police of the French Vichy government.