MARTNEZ CAMPOS, ARSENIO

born Dec. 14, 1831, Segovia, Spain died Sept. 23, 1900, Zarauz general and politician whose pronunciamiento on Dec. 29, 1874, restored Spain's Bourbon dynasty. He was a competent soldier and negotiator. Martnez Campos was given a military education and after 1852 served on Spain's general staff. He took part in the international expedition of Gen. Juan Prim to Mexico (1861) and fought Cuban rebels (until 1872). On his return to Spain, he briefly taught military science and then was sent to put down rebellions in Valencia (1872), Alicante, and Cartagena. After Alfonso XII, the son of the deposed Isabella II, had declared for a constitutional monarchy (Nov. 24, 1874), and other generals disillusioned with the republic had rallied to him, Alfonso took the throne following Martnez Campos' pronunciamiento. Martnez Campos then took command of Alfonso's forces against the Carlists, made the fighting less brutal by signing agreements protecting the lives of the wounded and prisoners, and brought about the end of the civil war (February 1876). His humane policy, which he then applied in Cuba, ended the 10-year rebellion there on Feb. 10, 1878, with the Peace of El Zanjn. On his return from Cuba, Martnez Campos served briefly as prime minister in 1879 and two years later as minister of war. After war broke out in Morocco (September 1893), he was put in command and succeeded in negotiating the Treaty of Marrakech (Jan. 29, 1894). The following year he was sent to Cuba again but failed to win over the rebels. He resigned and returned to Spain (1896).