MAZOWIECKI, TADEUSZ

born April 18, 1927, Plock, Pol. Polish journalist and Solidarity official who in 1989 became the first non-communist premier of an eastern European country since the late 1940s. After graduating in law from the University of Warsaw, Mazowiecki entered journalism and became prominent among Poland's liberal young Roman Catholic intellectuals in the mid-1950s. In 1958 Mazowiecki cofounded the independent Catholic monthly journal Wiez (Link), which he edited until 1981. In the 1970s he forged links with the Workers' Defense Committee, which protected anticommunist labour activists in Poland from government persecution. When strikes in the Lenin shipyard in Gdansk sparked the birth of the Solidarity labour movement there in August 1980, Mazowiecki became one of the principal advisers to the strikers and helped mobilize Polish intellectuals in support of them. In 1981 Solidarity's leader, Lech Walesa, appointed Mazowiecki the first editor of Tygodnik Solidarnosc (Solidarity Weekly), the new Solidarity newspaper. His ties to Walesa only deepened during the government's suppression of the Solidarity movement from 1981 to 1988. In early 1989 Mazowiecki served as the mediator in talks between the government and Solidarity that resulted in Solidarity's legalization and the holding of the freest national elections in Poland since 1947. Solidarity's stunning victory in those elections in June prompted Poland's communist president, General Wojciech Jaruzelski, to appoint Mazowiecki as prime minister on the advice of Walesa. On August 24 Mazowiecki became prime minister of a coalition government of Solidarity and communist members, as well as those of minor parties. As prime minister, Mazowiecki undertook radical reforms aimed at moving Poland in the direction of a free-market economy. His government greatly reduced price controls, subsidies, and centralized planning while simultaneously privatizing businesses, creating a stable convertible currency, and restraining wage increases in order to reduce inflation. Through these means Mazowiecki was successful at stabilizing Poland's consumer-goods market, increasing exports, and restoring the government's finances, but only at the cost of sharply rising unemployment and a fall in real wages. Popular discontent with these negative effects became apparent in the presidential elections held in December 1990 to choose a successor to Jaruzelski: Mazowiecki finished third in a race won by Walesa. Mazowiecki continued as prime minister until Walesa's nominee succeeded him in early 1991.