MIDFA'I, JAMIL AL-

born 1890, Baghdad died 1959 statesman, several times prime minister of Iraq. Midfa'i attended the engineering college in Istanbul and became an artillery officer in the Turkish Army, from which he deserted in 1916 to join the Arab forces that had risen in revolt in Arabia under the direction of Sharif Husayn. Later, from a base in Syria, Midfa'i launched raids into Iraq, where there was considerable opposition to the British rule that had been imposed there at the end of World War I. When in 1921 an independent government was formed in Iraq, he returned and subsequently occupied important provincial governorships in which he showed honesty, moderation, and ability. He represented an important group of army officers that had served in the Arab revolt and that later became the backbone of the newly founded Iraqi kingdom. Midfa'i became minister of the interior and later president of the chamber (1930). He was twice briefly prime minister in 1933 and 1934, then minister of defense, and again prime minister in 1937 for a period of barely maintained order and acute financial difficulty. During these years he became allied with a group of politicians who supported Great Britain and opposed the growing influence of Nazi Germany. In 1941 this group forced the regent, 'Abd al-Ilah, into exile, and Midfa'i chose to accompany him. The monarchy, however, was soon restored, and he returned to become prime minister once more. In the postwar years he was largely eclipsed by the power of the Iraqi statesman Nuri as-Said and was in retirement in 1958 when a military coup overthrew the monarchy.