MIESCHER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH

born Aug. 13, 1844, Basel, Switz. died Aug. 26, 1895, Davos Swiss student of cell metabolism and discoverer of nucleic acids. In 1869, while working under Ernst Hoppe-Seyler at the University of Tbingen, Miescher discovered a substance containing both phosphorus and nitrogen in the nuclei of white blood cells found in pus. The substance, first named nuclein because it seemed to come from cell nuclei, became known as nucleic acid after 1874, when Miescher separated it into a protein and an acid molecule. It is now known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Upon returning to Basel as a professor, Miescher found nucleic acid and protamine (a protein commonly associated with nucleic acids) in salmon spermatozoa. He also discovered that it is the carbon dioxide concentration (rather than the oxygen concentration) in the blood that regulates breathing. In 1885 he founded Switzerland's first physiological institute.