NEHER, ERWIN

born March 20, 1944, Landsberg, Ger. German physicist, winner with Bert Sakmann in 1991 of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their research into basic cell function and for the development of the patch-clamp technique, a laboratory method that can detect the very small electrical currents produced by the passage of ions through the cell membrane. Neher earned a degree in physics from the Technical University of Munich and then attended the University of Wisconsin at Madison, where he obtained a master of science degree in 1967. From 1968 to 1972 Neher did graduate work and postdoctoral work at the Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich. He first developed the idea of the patch-clamp technique in his doctoral thesis and earned his Ph.D. from the Technical University of Munich in 1970. In 1972 Neher went to the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gttingen, and two years later began his collaboration with Sakmann. This collaboration continued despite Neher's move to the University of Washington in Seattle and, later, to Yale University. Neher and Sakmann presented their patch-clamp findings at a scientific gathering in 1976. The membrane of a cell contains numerous porelike channels that control the passage of ions, or charged atoms, into and out of the cell. Neher and Sakmann used a thin glass pipette, one-thousandth of a millimetre in diameter, that was fitted with an electrode to detect the flow of individual ions through the ion channels of a cell membrane. The technique was used to study a broad range of cell functions. Neher returned to the Max Planck Institute in Gttingen that same year and in 1983 was made director of the institute's membrane biophysics department.