ROOSEVELT, THEODORE

born October 27, 1858, New York, New York, U.S. died January 6, 1919, Oyster Bay, New York Theodore Roosevelt. bynames Teddy Roosevelt and TR 26th president of the United States (190109) and writer, naturalist, and soldier. He expanded the powers of the presidency and of the federal government in support of the public interest in conflicts between big business and labour and steered the nation toward an active role in world politics, particularly in Europe and Asia. He won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1906 for mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War, and he secured the route and began construction of the Panama Canal (190414). John Milton Cooper, Jr. Additional reading Roosevelt's 2,000 published works include several books and hundreds of articles on history, politics, travel, and natural history; many of them are collected in The Works of Theodore Roosevelt, memorial ed. 24 vol., (192326), which also includes the most comprehensive collection of his more than 150,000 personal letters. Among his books, reflecting his wide range of interests, are The Naval War of 1812 (1882), Hunting Trips of a Ranchman (1885), Thomas Hart Benton (1886), Essays on Practical Politics (1888), the four-volume The Winning of the West (188996), The Strenuous Life (1901), Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography (1913), History as Literature and Other Essays (1913), and A Book Lover's Holidays in the Open (1916). A superb collection of his more important letters appears in Elting E. Morison (compiler and ed.), The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, 8 vol. (195154). A Bully Father: Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children (1995), shows his affection for his offspring.Biographies include Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (1979); William H. Harbaugh, The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt, new rev. ed. (1975); and John Milton Cooper, The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt (1983). Henry F. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, rev. ed. (1956), although brilliantly written, is perhaps prejudiced against its subject. Comprehensive works on his early life include Carleton Putnam, Theodore Roosevelt (1958), covering the years 1858 to 1886; and David McCullough, Mornings on Horseback (1981).Particularly brilliant short interpretations are G. Wallace Chessman, Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Power (1969); and John Morton Blum, The Republican Roosevelt, 2nd ed. (1977). David H. Burton, The Learned Presidency: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson (1988), advances the concept that the philosophies of these three presidents helped transform the passive presidencies of the 19th century into the dynamic presidencies of the 20th century. Other special studies of value are George E. Mowry, Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement (1946); Howard K. Beale, Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power (1956); G. Wallace Chessman, Governor Theodore Roosevelt (1965); Frederick W. Marks III, Velvet on Iron: The Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt (1979); Lewis L. Gould, The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (1991); and H. Paul Jeffers, Commissioner Roosevelt: The Story of Theodore Roosevelt and the New York City Police, 18951897 (1994), and Colonel Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt Goes to War, 18971898 (1996), covering Roosevelt's participation in the Spanish-American War.General histories of Roosevelt's times are George E. Mowry, The Era of Theodore Roosevelt, 19001912 (1958); and Richard H. Collin, Theodore Roosevelt: Culture, Diplomacy, and Expansion: A New View of American Imperialism (1985). John Milton Cooper, Jr.