SCHONLEIN, JOHANN LUKAS

born Nov. 30, 1793, Bamberg died Jan. 23, 1864, Bamberg German physician whose attempts to establish medicine as a natural science helped create modern methods for the teaching and practice of clinical medicine. A professor of medicine at the universities of Wrzburg (182433), Zrich (183340), and Berlin (184059), Schnlein was the first to use the microscope in conjunction with chemical analyses of urine and blood in the diagnosis of disease. He found and described (1839) the fungus (Achorion schonleinii) responsible for the skin disease favus and coined the term hemophilia (1828). Schnlein was the first to describe the minute hemorrhages of the skin occurring in cases of anaphylactoid (allergic) purpura (SchnleinHenoch purpura) and purpura rheumatica (Schnlein's disease; 1837), characterized by the appearance on the skin of small purple spots, by swelling, pain, and tenderness of joints, and frequently by swelling of the hands, feet, or eyelids.