I. adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
an upper/lower limit (= the highest/lowest amount allowed )
▪
There is no upper limit on the amount you can borrow.
▪
Ensure the temperature in the aquarium does not fall below the lower limit.
bow/bend/lower your head (= look down )
▪
He bowed his head and tried not not to look at her.
cut/lower/reduce a price
▪
The company recently cut the price of its best-selling car.
cut/reduce/lower a rate
▪
The Halifax Building Society is to cut its mortgage rate by 0.7 percent.
drop/lower your eyes (= look down at the ground )
▪
The servants lowered their eyes as the countess walked past.
further/lower down a scale
▪
Bonuses are not paid to people lower down the salary scale.
hoist/lower the sails (= put the sails up or down )
leaden/lowering literary (= with a lot of grey cloud )
▪
The leaden skies cleared and the sun came out.
little/lower/high/greater etc likelihood
▪
There was very little likelihood of her getting the job.
lower a threshold
▪
the demand to lower the retirement threshold to 60
lower case
▪
lower case letters
lower class
lower down the line
▪
There should be more direct discussion between managers and workers lower down the line .
Lower House
lower orders
lower sb's expectations (= make someone expect less success, money etc )
▪
If you can't afford your dream home, you may have to lower your expectations.
lower school
lower standards
▪
He refused to lower his standards.
lower the temperature
▪
Paracetomol lowers your body temperature.
lower your voice (= speak more quietly )
▪
He lowered his voice to a whisper.
lower/cut/reduce taxes
▪
There’s no point promising to cut taxes if you can’t afford it.
lower/damage morale
▪
We need to avoid damaging people's morale.
lower/drop your gaze (= look down )
▪
Her eyes met his and she immediately dropped her gaze.
lower/inferior status
▪
In parts of the world, women still have inferior status.
lower/raise the age (= at which something can be done )
▪
The voting age was lowered from 21 to 18.
lower/upper etc deck
▪
I managed to find a seat on the upper deck.
▪
Eddie returned to the flight deck the part of an aircraft where the pilot sits .
lower/upper jaw
▪
an animal with two rows of teeth in its lower jaw
push sth higher/lower
▪
New technology has pushed the cost of health care even higher.
raise/lower the ceiling (on sth)
reduce/lower barriers
▪
We should be reducing barriers to imports from poor countries.
reduce/lower/bring down the cost
▪
If you go later in the year, it will bring down the cost of your holiday.
slightly higher/lower/better/larger etc
▪
January’s sales were slightly better than average.
the bottom/lower edge
▪
The lower edge of the window frame was starting to rot.
the lower/upper slopes of sth
▪
It was misty and only the lower slopes of Vesuvius could be seen.
the upper/lower body
▪
Slowly raise your upper body into a sitting position.
the upper/lower etc reaches of a river (= the upper, lower etc parts )
▪
We sailed down the lower reaches of the river.
the upper/lower half
▪
The upper half of the door contained a stained glass window.
the upper/middle/lower register
▪
the upper register of the cello
the working/lower class
▪
At this time most of the working class was very poor.
upper/higher/lower echelons
▪
the upper echelons of government
▪
Their clients are drawn from the highest echelons of society.
upper/lower/top/bottom lip
▪
His bottom lip was swollen.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
even
▪
The proportion of actual spending met was even lower . 3.
▪
An increase in cotton exports would leave even lower stockpiles, raising concern about available supply.
▪
The president's popularity was even lower .
▪
When we worded the question a little differently, we got an even lower percentage.
▪
But, overall, our crime rate could and should be even lower .
▪
He fired into the jungle again and flew even lower than last time, but he could not draw fire.
▪
Between 1983 and the year 2000 the growth rate will probably be even lower at something around 2.5% perannum.
▪
Calcium chloride, another useful salt, will melt ice at even lower temperatures.
far
▪
The drop-out rate is far lower , and patients often find it more acceptable.
▪
The specials, publicized only on the Internet and good for weekend getaways, are far lower than any other fares.
▪
Acidifying droplets can reduce the growth of trees and crops, at concentrations far lower , than had been suspected up to now.
▪
Wage inequality has widened, with the gains for ordinary workers far lower than in previous economic expansions.
▪
The proportion in top jobs that combined clinical and academic roles was far lower .
▪
Wages were far lower in those countries than in the United States at the time, far lower, indeed.
▪
The chance that those who were vaccinated are those who succumbed is far lower .
▪
Wages were far lower in those countries than in the United States at the time, far lower, indeed.
much
▪
This is a much lower figure than Hand 91 found for his sample of 65 entomological theses.
▪
Exercise performed in the late afternoon or the early evening will force the body temperature to dip much lower during sleep.
▪
In hot and high areas where air density is much lower , performance will be different, with faster descents.
▪
Flutie could be available at a much lower price if the Redskins decide to get involved.
▪
This would explain the much lower residual pressures.
▪
In other words, margins were much lower in the Euromarkets than in domestic markets due to: 7.
▪
The light levels used here would certainly be much lower than this.
▪
Secondary schools offered more rungs on the career ladder, but the chance of becoming a head teacher was much lower .
significantly
▪
Some scepticism has been expressed by tenants as to whether independently judged rents will be significantly lower than those asked by brewers.
▪
Participation in east Jerusalem was significantly lower .
▪
But these facts are not indicative of a significantly lower priority, nor necessarily of a substantially more modest achievement.
▪
The significantly lower plasminogen activator activity of malignant ascites is associated with greatly increased concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.
▪
The cancer subgroup, even those with very early tumours, had significantly lower cholesterol values than the group with polyps alone.
▪
Median and minimum arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratios for ventilated infants on the first day were significantly lower in the random group.
▪
However, only for Dipentum did this result in significantly lower 5-ASA mucosal concentrations.
▪
Those parts of the envelope where the thermal resistance is significantly lower are described as cold bridges.
slightly
▪
The opportunity to purchase works at slightly lower prices had encouraged museums back into the market.
▪
London shares recovered from deep early losses to end slightly lower .
▪
The slightly lower figure may relate to the more discursive nature of the subject.
▪
The Kutchi Rabaris, for example, being a slightly lower sub caste of his own caste, aroused his disapproval.
▪
The Durava was a considerably smaller caste than the Salagama, and its social status was probably slightly lower .
▪
Fees are slightly lower November through April.
▪
The ratio was slightly lower than that achieved by the industry before nationalisation, but it was not markedly out of line with other countries.
▪
The interim dividend is 2.5p, against 1.75p and earnings were 0.5p higher at 8.2p after a slightly lower tax burden.
■ NOUN
case
▪
Another approach is to use a mixture of numbers, upper and lower case letters and large and small Roman numerals.
▪
The magic, upper and lower case , is gone.
▪
Upper and lower case variables of the same name are different.
▪
All its letters are in lower case and the picture cards incorporate both approaches.
▪
Input was lower case handwritten print via a graphics tablet.
▪
The text which appears in them is usually in lower case , but this doesn't matter.
▪
In some systems the input script is restricted to upper case unconnected letters, or lower case unconnected characters.
▪
Since variables named in lower case will never be confused with keywords, many programmers use upper case only for keywords.
class
▪
Its latent function was to ensure that the lower classes fitted in with the designs of their betters.
▪
In college he loved a young girl of a lower class and ruined her; she died a suicide.
▪
Fish knives were therefore only used by the middle and lower classes , and in this way it was considered non-U.
▪
One evening at supper he told a story illustrating his refusal to tolerate the insolence of the lower classes .
▪
Teachers find that the children become unteachable - those in the lower classes have to be fed sedatives to calm them down.
▪
Then you got the beatnik, maybe a lower class of person.
▪
Well, maybe, they could be, for once, treated just like their lower class brothers the football fans.
▪
There is substantial political energy inherent in the lower classes , and they are the active agents of major political change.
cost
▪
It thus provides lower cost loans by operating with narrower interest rate margins than those of domestic banking operations.
▪
For investors, this means lower costs .
▪
It is often possible to get money at much lower cost without risking your home, he said.
▪
Could resources be combined efficiently or different resources be used so that the same activities could be produced at lower costs ?
▪
Leland realised that precise work equated to a better product at a lower cost .
▪
In addition to its lower cost , short-term debt offers one other advantage over long-term debt and that is its added flexibility.
▪
If the lower cost of funding is reflected in lease payments, leasing can be more attractive for small companies.
▪
A new soy-beef product was introduced to the consumer in March, 1973, as a lower cost alternative to ground beef.
costs
▪
Even farmer groups admit the policy is simply the result of the drive for higher productivity and lower costs .
▪
The goal is to cut the time it takes to develop new styles of sunglasses and lower costs , said Bausch&038;.
▪
Earlier settlements mean lower costs for the claimant's solicitor and big savings on experts' fees and other disbursements.
▪
Could resources be combined efficiently or different resources be used so that the same activities could be produced at lower costs ?
▪
This combination of lower costs and increased market share makes the business well placed to benefit from any improvement in trading conditions.
▪
Would another strategy accomplish the same objective at lower costs ?
▪
Coupled with this expertise, lower costs make arbitration a very attractive option.
▪
For investors, this means lower costs .
court
▪
Though flogging was restricted, the length of sentences which lower courts were empowered to impose was doubled.
▪
By its split vote, the justices upheld a lower court ruling against Lotus.
▪
The lower courts have approved the average cost basis, as contended by the Crown.
▪
A lower court forgave the debt, but the case went all the way to the Supreme Court.
▪
Despite the wide-ranging ramifications of the misappropriation theory, the lower courts have endorsed it in a number of important rulings.
▪
The case is pending before the lower court .
▪
Circuit in Atlanta unanimously dismissed great-uncle Lazaro Gonzalez's appeal of a lower court ruling earlier this year.
▪
She has already lost in the lower courts .
deck
▪
They were so named because of their comfortable leather seats on the lower deck .
▪
The lower deck , below the water line, was for cargo.
▪
On the lower deck , where all the people are, there is the sense of an outrageous and clarifying happiness.
▪
She climbed aboard the Mumbles train and huddled in a seat in the warmth of the lower deck .
▪
The lower deck , shining clean now, was thronged with steerage passengers.
▪
At first he had assumed that she had climbed down to the lower deck and gone forward.
▪
The Hearthware armour was a shining pile on the lower deck .
▪
Cabins include a toilet, shower and two lower deck beds.
end
▪
These changes in perception of distension at the lower end of the gut seem to be mirrored in the stomach.
▪
Under arbitrary regulation the costs of every program are greater than the possible benefits at the lower end of the range.
▪
On the lower end of the job market, the most popular employer, certainly for girls, was Lyons.
▪
At the lower end of the market much has also happened.
▪
The material taken out of the higher point of the site was deemed unsuitable for use at the lower end .
▪
These, thicker at their lower ends , had the plug or wedge driven between them.
▪
In contrast, the effect of expenditure appears to be progressive, with cash transfers being sizeable at the lower end .
half
▪
Jamila was fast asleep with a sheet over her lower half .
▪
Cybil was twisting Paw-paw so that the lower half of the body was doing the hula.
▪
Plastic pins simply pushed in to secure the lower half of the handle to the body of the mower.
▪
He sees a team that finished in the lower half of the National League in hitting, pitching and fielding.
▪
The third type seem to be solid, and are largely confined to the lower half of the main cloud.
▪
Here the monk was fumbling with the appalled geisha and tearing at the lower half of her kimono.
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A big brown beard covered the lower half of his thin, pale, serious face.
▪
Glover felt how the entire lower half of himself was beginning to go numb.
house
▪
Any proposal will be in trouble if it has to be approved by the upper house of parliament as well as the lower house.
▪
Cardoso passed his first and toughest hurdle when the lower house voted in favor of the measure two weeks ago.
▪
All told, the Communists could come out of the general election with some 45-50 seats in the revised 500-seat lower house .
▪
He was first elected to the lower house of parliament in 1963, taking the seat of his late father.
▪
Referendums can not be used to make significant changes in the voting system for the lower house of parliament.
▪
If there is a party with an absolute majority in the lower house it will form the government.
▪
A lower house of parliament would be elected by a system of proportional representation on the basis of universal non-racial adult franchise.
▪
The government still has a majority of 19 in the 545-seat lower house .
income
▪
All the studies have shown that there is a redistribution of income from the higher to the lower income groups.
▪
With lower incomes , businesses and households will be forced to curtail their investment and consumption spending.
▪
The two sets of allowances are a great benefit to many couples, particularly those on lower incomes .
▪
There are more people at higher incomes applying for apartments and they are squeezing out the people at the lower incomes.
▪
The danger is that the younger people with below median incomes actually have lower incomes than older people with below median incomes.
▪
Always vulnerable because they lack financial clout, lower income families are an easy target.
▪
What about the effects of lower income tax rates?
▪
Those with lower incomes pay, or should pay, a lower share of their income in tax.
interest
▪
Talk of lower interest rates in the New Year provided the main boost to sentiment.
▪
Much of the $ 154 billion cut will come from lower interest rates.
▪
Nevertheless, in so far as changes in interest rates affect expectations, lower interest rates may still contribute to higher investment.
▪
But along with the reduced risk comes lower interest rates.
▪
The figures have also been given a boost by much lower interest charges as a result of strong cash flow.
▪
Therefore, even firms that are a hundred percent domestic get an extra lift from lower interest rates.
▪
Hence they are more liquid than money market deposits and so carry a lower interest rate.
▪
A budget that stays in balance will mean lower interest rates and an end to the hidden tax I mentioned earlier.
jaw
▪
Mr Hallam was seen by a surgeon who found that his lower jaw was broken and he had damaged teeth.
▪
Rothman believes the muscle helps to lift the lower jaw and move it from side to side.
▪
For this species also, therefore, preferential destruction of upper and lower jaws is indicated.
▪
The lower jaw is easily unhinged and brought aboard.
▪
However, some skins had long side-burns terminating at the lower jaw .
▪
The other end attached to a bony spot on the mandible, or lower jaw .
▪
It has relatively large eyes and a small mouth, with small sharp teeth on both upper and lower jaws .
▪
Abscesses form classically under the lower jaw but can occur in other sites.
leg
▪
Perhaps he is bringing his forearm forwards and leaving the lower leg hanging down.
▪
Trainer D.. Wayne Lukas said the horse tore his right front suspensory ligament, which is in the lower leg .
▪
Lie on your side and bend the lower leg .
▪
Initial word from the training room was a lower leg contusion.
▪
Throw a reverse punch as before and bring the kicking knee forwards without raising the lower leg or turning the hips.
▪
Jones had the hairline fracture of his lower leg examined by a doctor....
▪
Lying on your stomach, lift your lower legs and let your partner push both heels against your thighs.
level
▪
At lower levels the proportion of wealth belonging to each group was smaller in Coventry.
▪
Interest expense will also be reduced since there will be a lower level of accounts receivable to finance.
▪
The two polls revealed lower levels of trust in those countries and people that historically have been Britain's enemies.
▪
Several sociological studies have shown that churchgoers have sharply lower levels of illegitimacy and divorce than others in the population.
▪
There are of course all kinds of truths that are not of this sort; but they lie on a lower level altogether.
▪
Both projects reported success in delaying onset of smoking among adolescents and in achieving lower levels of smoking uptake.
▪
In addition, blacks are still disproportionately represented in the lower levels of the stratification system.
limb
▪
Awards made during and after World War Two have the year of the award engraved on the reverse lower limb .
▪
The lower limbs are very high, allowing in morning sun and filtered or dappled light during the rest of the day.
▪
Symmetrical wasting and weakness was present in the upper and lower limbs and all tendon reflexes were absent.
▪
Jeanie the Half Woman, born without lower limbs , walks on her hands, cooks and even raised a family.
▪
Immobile, her lower limbs yet had the ripple of fined-down muscle about them, the promise of animal movement.
▪
She moaned and her body stretched, her lower limbs pressing tight against him, his thigh filling her inner thighs.
▪
Anyway, there's considerable loss of blood, massive lower limb and pelvic damage and some chest injuries.
limit
▪
Both have pushed up against a lower limit which is, I believe, economic in character.
▪
The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another.
▪
Should there be a lower limit for undersize fish?
▪
In large transactions vendors may also negotiate a lower limit for individual items.
▪
This expression is an inequality, giving upper and lower limits on relationships between the measured variables.
▪
The lower limits of sensitivity for glucagon and atrial natriuretic peptide assay were 3.7 pmol/l and 1.1 pmol/l, respectively.
▪
But it would give them much-needed practice in monitoring lower limits in future.
▪
The present experimental lower limit on the lifetime is about 10 30 years, and it should be possible to improve this.
lip
▪
The latter's lower lip stuck out and her eyes flickered.
▪
He chewed his lower lip in a grudging silence.
▪
He nervously bites his lower lip and slowly shakes his head.
▪
He extended his lower lip and exhaled.
▪
Chewing on her lower lip , she trundled after him along a flagged passageway and up an ornate wooden staircase.
▪
Bigelow extended his lower lip again and blew.
▪
Biting hard on her lower lip , Isabel brushed away a traitorous tear.
▪
Her mouth was full, and a half-moon of light accentuated the lustrous curve of her lower lip .
order
▪
The lower orders were denied the privilege of the back door and entered through the front.
▪
These are of a lower order of urgency.
▪
Herzberg developed a more sophisticated analysis of the significance of higher and lower order needs.
▪
Second, the actual difficulties encountered overseas appeared to be of a considerably lower order of intensity than had been feared.
▪
Some worksheets may begin with simple lower order questions, leading on to a higher order question.
▪
He shows no urge to rub shoulders with the lower orders but, if anything, a tendency to keep his distance.
▪
In approaching any historical document there should be a progression from lower order to higher order thinking.
▪
The company blamed lower order levels for the decline.
part
▪
Joan wrapped the sturdy cloak more closely around herself, concealing all but the lower part of her face.
▪
The lower part of the course.
▪
Put it well into the lower part of the flame so that soot is deposited on both sides of the strip.
▪
Stone or marble was used for the lower parts of the walls, the upper being of sun-dried brick and timber.
▪
The movement falls into two repeated halves, the second having more chromatic lower parts .
▪
His face looked odd, the upper part brown, the lower part white.
▪
By 1901, the population had grown considerably but increased use of birth control was narrowing the lower part of the pyramid.
▪
Fish moved from the lower parts to the headwaters soon evolve local ways.
price
▪
Invariably, the own-brand range is offered at lower prices than the competing brands.
▪
The system went wrong in the 1970s when long-distance attracted new carriers with new technologies enabling them to offer lower prices .
▪
The advantages offered by mail order suppliers over retail outlets include a wider range of oils and lower prices on larger quantities.
▪
Private firms must be formidably efficient to overcome these handicaps and offer facilities at the same or lower prices .
▪
For 100 years, publicly owned utilities have sold electricity at lower prices than their private counterparts.
▪
Therefore providers ought to be able to agree to contracts for these services at a lower price .
▪
Jim McCrery, R-La., said competition among oil companies would guarantee lower prices for consumers.
rate
▪
Large body-size would, in fact, isolate them from their thermal environment because they would exchange heat at lower rates .
▪
Consumers will see lower rates on home equity loans and adjustable rate mortgages.
▪
Probably because of the very much greater stick forces and lower rates of pitch occurring in most light aircraft.
▪
The lower rates may be a better deal for most employers, but health coverage could be cut back too.
▪
The lower rate can be paid if any one of the requirements is satisfied either by day or at night.
▪
Accounts that pay monthly interest may offer lower rates than those where the interest is paid annually.
▪
Local authorities would get a lower rate of grant the more they let spending rise above these levels. 3.
▪
Some old people who were not included in the scheme as contributors receive a lower rate of pension.
reach
▪
We used the tongue in its lower reaches , where it licked land close to the edge of the Skaftafell site.
▪
It became a rough bridleway, leading through a series of gates on to the lower reaches of moorland.
▪
Councillor Enderby had all the fluency of a life spent in the lower reaches of local government.
▪
There's many more like them, and not just in the lower reaches of the Football League.
▪
Indeed, Rosebury could detect no microbial life at all in the bladder and lower reaches of the lungs.
▪
Quality flounder from the lower reaches of Poole harbour.
▪
Many males do not go far and remain in the lower reaches .
▪
She could either turn round, or brazen her way past the pressmen to the lower reaches of the parkland.
school
▪
We were asked to sit in the third and fourth rows and the lower school children filed in.
▪
During the lower school period there are no grades on these report slips.
▪
It is organize into upper and lower schools with a library in each building.
▪
Kirkby firemen prevented flames reaching the lower school annexe and nursery school, where classes continued close to normal for 140 youngsters.
▪
Consequently children in that school follow aspects of the arts throughout their time at the lower school.
▪
In the school , the fiction section of the lower school was catalogued first.
▪
The lower school had its own grassed and paved play area with plentiful equipment.
slope
▪
The village of Juniper Green may take its name from the Juniper bushes which once covered the lower slopes of the Pentlands.
▪
Lights were already beginning to diamond out of the shadowed pine woods on the lower slopes .
▪
The islands were not visible at all and only the lower slopes of Vesuvius could be seen.
▪
Subsoil Principally Belemnite chalk on the upper slopes , with Micraster chalk on the lower slopes.
▪
So they choose to plant grass and root crops in the few fields on the lower slopes .
▪
Above them rose the poor fields, littered with rock and gorse, the lower slopes of the mountain.
▪
The vegetated lower slopes are a Nature Reserve providing sanctuary for creatures of the wild.
▪
On the lower slopes the boundary hedges are of ancient and solid holly.
standard
▪
The general interior layout is magnificent, but later alterations have made the decoration of a lower standard .
▪
Conversely, they were punished with a lower standard of living and consequent lower status if they chose to have large ones.
▪
This dual negative combination may indicate a lower standard of research conducted in these departments. 7.9 Productivity.
▪
Q: Do crews of bargain airlines have lower standards ?
▪
They often receive a far lower standard of care than patients in this country.
▪
This means that society is increasingly experiencing a lower standard of living than would be possible without rising levels of unemployment.
▪
Even accounting for the generally lower standard of software then, I reckon the reviewers were feeling generous.
▪
A lower classification does not imply lower standards .
tax
▪
In addition they called for lower taxes , free health care, cheaper housing loans and increased spending on state-owned industries.
▪
Presidents have been promising lower taxes since Washington crossed the Delaware by hand in a row boat.
▪
He believed that lower taxes were the route to higher growth and more jobs.
▪
Foreign money capitalized the long expansion that lower taxes helped to create.
▪
But lower taxes and a prudent approach to borrowing do not mean public spending fall; quite the reverse.
▪
To many voters, that means lower taxes .
▪
And once tax evasion becomes a habit it will continue even after lower tax rates are introduced.
▪
People want just taxes , more than they want lower taxes.
temperature
▪
This means that large fibrous structures form near T m, whereas greater numbers of small spherulites grow at lower temperatures .
▪
The heat can penetrate combustible materials, alter their composition and make them ignite at lower temperatures .
▪
If lower temperatures are used, the reducing sugar level may become too high.
▪
Bake in 450-degree oven for 15 minutes, then lower temperature to 325 degrees and bake 25 minutes more.
▪
C, as they seem more susceptible to the disease when kept at lower temperatures .
▪
A lower temperature brings deeper sleep with fewer awakenings.
▪
It does well at the lower temperature , and will take some time to adapt to the temperatures above 70°F.
▪
Calcium chloride, another useful salt, will melt ice at even lower temperatures .
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
raise/lower the tone (of sth)
▪
Far from lowering the tone , the changes are set to improve it.
the higher/lower reaches of sth
▪
A booming hearty from the higher reaches of Personnel fills our glasses and remembers nearly everyone's name.
▪
A clutch of them have clawed their way to the higher reaches of educational administration.
▪
But in the higher reaches of the Yorkshire Dales, there is nowhere to hide.
▪
Councillor Enderby had all the fluency of a life spent in the lower reaches of local government.
▪
It became a rough bridleway, leading through a series of gates on to the lower reaches of moorland.
▪
Quality flounder from the lower reaches of Poole harbour.
▪
She could either turn round, or brazen her way past the pressmen to the lower reaches of the parkland.
▪
There's many more like them, and not just in the lower reaches of the Football League.
the lower orders
▪
For example, the first rise in expectations of the lower orders would be for more and better food before manufactured goods.
▪
For the most part the lower orders depended on selling their labour.
▪
Gin was, after all, commercially produced and consumed only by the lower orders.
▪
He shows no urge to rub shoulders with the lower orders but, if anything, a tendency to keep his distance.
▪
Journalists believed that their message could reach even the lower orders.
▪
The riots of 1736, too, had crystallized general resentments of the lower orders.
▪
We must have the freedom to make our mills successful, so that we can offer the lower orders employment.
▪
When friendships finally became possible for him they were with children of the lower orders.
the lower orders
▪
For example, the first rise in expectations of the lower orders would be for more and better food before manufactured goods.
▪
For the most part the lower orders depended on selling their labour.
▪
Gin was, after all, commercially produced and consumed only by the lower orders .
▪
He shows no urge to rub shoulders with the lower orders but, if anything, a tendency to keep his distance.
▪
Journalists believed that their message could reach even the lower orders .
▪
The riots of 1736, too, had crystallized general resentments of the lower orders .
▪
We must have the freedom to make our mills successful, so that we can offer the lower orders employment.
▪
When friendships finally became possible for him they were with children of the lower orders .
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪
Foreign workers have fewer rights and get lower wages.
▪
I got lower grades than the other students in my class.
▪
muscles of the lower leg
▪
the lower deck of the stadium
▪
The baby's lower lip quivered and then she began crying.
▪
The dentist filled two teeth in my lower jaw.
▪
The divorce rate in Japan is much lower than in the U.S.
▪
The program is broadcast in the morning, a time when advertising rates are much lower .
▪
There's no doubt that lower energy prices are having some short-term impact on the stock market.
▪
They rejected our estimate and suggested a lower figure.
▪
We drove onto the lower deck of the ferry.
▪
your lower lip
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
A higher interest rate will allow a smaller lump sum and lower annual deposits.
▪
Everyone knows that you get a lower air fare if you stay over a Saturday night.
▪
Her irises rest above the horizon of her lower eyelids; the stare fixes me.
▪
The 15 percent. was largely accounted for in the lower ranks.
▪
The alternative - that these lower levels are partly responsible for the development of oesophagitis - is also possible.
▪
The magic, upper and lower case, is gone.
▪
The second was added to the first, over the cheek and lower jaw, to give a further stage of disintegration.
▪
This expression is an inequality, giving upper and lower limits on relationships between the measured variables.
II. verb
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
age
▪
Gay activists might offer the lowering of the age of consent or the war on Section 28.
▪
The Labour Party's manifestos at the last two general elections contained proposals to lower the main retirement age .
▪
Most of the sequence is middle Cambrian to lower Silurian age .
bank
▪
But will the banks not then lower their interest rates, thus encouraging people to borrow?
▪
The central bank last lowered interest rates on Dec. 14.
▪
If banks lower the interest rates they charge to borrowers, they must also lower the rate they pay to depositors.
▪
On Thursday, the central bank lowered both its floor and ceiling rates by a quarter point.
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If loan demand were weaker, you might see banks lowering the prime more.
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Traders said they expect the central bank to lower the key rates when it next lowers the two-week rates.
barrier
▪
This echoed a national unease at lowering complicated inter-provincial trade barriers which would upset thousands of special interest groups throughout the country.
▪
Crews lowered boom barriers several feet high around the nearby ponds.
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This torsion-angle strain would lower the activation-energy barrier for the phosphorylation of His15.
▪
Lowering the cost, yes, but also lowering the barriers that made them hard to use.
▪
After his election in 1984, Leon Febres Cordero lowered import barriers and subsidies, and ran a tight fiscal policy.
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Albright will be lowering yet another barrier to the advancement of women in public life.
▪
During phosphorylation, the active-centre torsion-angle strain should facilitate the phosphotransfer reaction by lowering the activation-energy barrier .
body
▪
Bend your arms at the elbow to lower body .
▪
Keeping the heat inside Sitting in a draughty room will lower your body temperature and make you feel cold and uncomfortable.
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Most reptiles utilize the buffering aquatic environment to lower body heat.
▪
Slowly lower your hands and body towards that leg.
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Bending your arms, lower your upper body backwards towards the ground and then straighten them without locking the elbows.
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She recognised his need, and lowered her body so that his anxious pego infiltrated deeper and deeper into her heavenly playground.
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Sit in a full splits position and lower the body gently to the floor in front.
cost
▪
In product markets characterised by complex production processes long-term supply contracts or sub-contracts are commonly used to try and lower these costs .
▪
If government subsidizes the production of some good, it in effect lowers costs and increases supply.
▪
A firm which innocently seeks to lower costs and improve product quality may simultaneously be making it harder for entry to occur.
▪
Similar House and Senate bills, which would lower campaign costs and restrict contributions and spending, were introduced last fall.
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Technology also plays a key role in lowering our costs .
▪
Similarly, in one situation, illegal non-capitalist practices -- labor fines -- lower the labor costs of a highly capitalist owner.
▪
Reducing their earnings lowers the airline's cost curves and therefore will most likely cause the airline to reduce its prices.
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As a result, insurance companies have no incentive to lower their costs , to find efficiencies, or to control fraud.
costs
▪
Meanwhile an intensive modernisation programme will attempt to lower production costs .
▪
If government subsidizes the production of some good, it in effect lowers costs and increases supply.
▪
To keep profits up, firms will need to lower costs or get more value for their money.
▪
Similarly, in one situation, illegal non-capitalist practices -- labor fines -- lower the labor costs of a highly capitalist owner.
▪
Clearly, if that leads to lower costs and more services, we support it.
▪
As a result, insurance companies have no incentive to lower their costs , to find efficiencies, or to control fraud.
▪
Technology also plays a key role in lowering our costs .
▪
By doing this, he lowers costs and raises profits.
expectations
▪
Just that the latter will have to lower their expectations and make do with imperfect versions of the former.
▪
First, we must lower our expectations .
▪
In many cases you have to lower your expectations accordingly.
▪
Others argued that, unless the families lowered their profit expectations , Iberian could never change.
▪
The suspicion is that Mr Koogle may have lowered expectations so he can later surpass them.
▪
But overall Niccol has done a fine, restrained job in a genre for which many of us have lowered our expectations .
▪
If the diamond fields were the key test, then Col Kposowa was keen to lower expectations .
▪
People lower their expectations according to their age, looks, and wealth.
gaze
▪
He stepped back from the microphone and lowered his gaze , lost in painful emotion.
▪
When Ryan read the charge of homicide of Menendez, Franco lowered his gaze from the bench and stared at his feet.
▪
She lowered her gaze hastily and found her irrepressible sense of humour surfacing.
ground
▪
Jackson lowered himself to the ground .
▪
His son was too heavy, and he lowered him to the ground , where he would stay.
▪
You will need a rope to lower them to the ground as they are heavy - throwing them down is dangerous.
▪
Frank lowered me to the ground .
▪
Masklin felt himself being slowly lowered towards the ground .
▪
The body will begin to lower towards the ground .
▪
As the body lowers towards the ground , place the palms of both hands on the floor for support.
▪
Ali lowers him to the ground , holding his left hand, and tries to get him to walk.
hand
▪
With every nerve tingling she lowered her hand , barely feeling the comb bite into her palm as her grip tightened.
▪
He looked straight ahead and lowered his hands slowly to his sides.
▪
Joe lowered his hands , with the belt still around them.
▪
At their services they sat quietly, eyes lowered and hands folded, waiting for the Spirit to prompt some one to speak.
▪
Slowly lower your hands and body towards that leg.
▪
He lowered his hand and put it over his chest.
▪
Bobo touched her crooked finger to her lips and then lowered her hand , palm upwards.
▪
Sitting with legs apart, stretch up, then twist at the waist and lower the hands and body towards one leg.
head
▪
Her head was lowered in obedience, but there was a faint smile on her cherry lips.
▪
Her head was lowered and her eyes were looking down.
▪
His very stance could be intimidating, standing with his head lowered , bull-like.
▪
Jack sat at the second mirror, his head lowered for maximum listening.
▪
Maria couldn't move her head or even lower her eyes, and time had slipped.
▪
Panting and cursing with pain and rage he came back, head lowered .
▪
Its body is hunched up in a strange way, with its wings drooped, its feathers ruffled and its head lowered .
▪
He found it and clung there for a while, then pushed clear and knelt among the waves, head lowered .
interest
▪
If banks lower the interest rates they charge to borrowers, they must also lower the rate they pay to depositors.
▪
If this were to inhibit credit expansion it could lead to lower interest rates.
▪
The central bank last lowered interest rates on Dec. 14.
▪
Thus an increase in money supply will lower interest rates.
▪
Also, if we slip into a recession the Fed could lower interest rates, forcing long-term Treasuries' prices higher.
▪
The policy-making Central Bank Council meets next Thursday to consider whether to lower key interest rates.
▪
The initial effect of a higher money growth rate is to lower the interest rate.
level
▪
At Foxton, the side ponds allow refilling immediately after down traffic has lowered the water level , saving valuable time.
▪
The three warm days that awoke the flies in the house have also considerably lowered the snow level .
▪
Information flows in both directions at once - from lower to higher levels and from higher to lower levels.
▪
Scientists will know more when they start lowering the water level next Tuesday.
▪
This type of migraine is triggered by lowered oestrogen levels which occur around the time of a period.
▪
Uricosuric agents generally do not lower uric acid levels below the normal range.
▪
In 1992, used car values have fallen to even lower levels .
▪
Hence, no exemplary model or incentive for change is provided to lower level managers.
limit
▪
We will lower the limit on the Post office monopoly much closer to the level of the first class stamp.
▪
Think small One such should be to lower the limits on the size and frequency of nuclear tests.
market
▪
Mr Petty is hoping to gain market share by lowering prices on popular menu combinations under a new three-tiered pricing program.
▪
Last month, after its preliminary soundings of the market , Dataquest lowered its industry sales forecasts.
▪
Current federal farm programs often guarantee growers a minimum price even if the market price drops lower .
percent
▪
The 9.57 percent devaluation lowered the value of the yuan from US$1.00 to US$1.00 yuan.
▪
Exports from that lovely island could be 40 percent lower in 1989 than in 1988.
▪
The evening cortisol level should be 50 percent lower then the morning result.
▪
On average prices were around 25 percent lower between 1720 and 1780 than they had been between 1660 and 1680.
▪
They closed 3. 0 percent lower at 474. 5p, down 14. 5p.
pressure
▪
Walking is a prevention against heart and circulatory disorders and may lower blood pressure .
▪
It may lower your blood pressure .
▪
The cooling fan blows air out of the system unit thus lowering the pressure inside.
▪
That diet lowered their blood pressure as much as a typical blood-pressure-lowering medication would.
▪
Before 1950 there were no generally recommended drugs to lower the blood pressure .
▪
One acupuncture patient was able to lower his blood pressure from more than 240 to 180 without drugs.
▪
The boiling point of a liquid can be reduced by lowering the external pressure .
price
▪
If the price had been £50 lower it would have earned a fourth star.
▪
Slumping heating oil prices drove other oil prices lower as well.
▪
His main concern was that prices were even lower .
▪
The companies have recently been negotiating deals with individual governments to lower prices .
▪
If he is not able to secure those approvals in a year, the price may be lowered .
▪
Current federal farm programs often guarantee growers a minimum price even if the market price drops lower .
rate
▪
Lavish praise given for undemanding and second rate efforts lowers standards rather then enhances them.
▪
Empowerment increases the opportunity costs of children, prompting later marriages and increasing the divorce rate , similarly lowering fertility.
▪
Interest rates have been cautiously lowered .
▪
Many deductions and tax shelters would disappear and in return, rates would be lowered under most flat tax plans.
▪
Interest rates must be lowered and the system suffused with liquidity.
▪
The initial effect of a higher money growth rate is to lower the interest rate.
▪
With the downward-sloping supply curve, higher interest rates lead to lower demand and lower supply.
▪
Traders said they expect the central bank to lower the key rates when it next lowers the two-week rates.
risk
▪
For there is by now a mountain of medical evidence that moderate consumption of alcohol dramatically lowers the risk of heart disease.
▪
Doing so lowers the risk of waking up stiff and sore.
▪
By diversifying your team, you lower the risk of being beaten on the playing field.
▪
By adding to your portfolio share with low betas, you can lower the combined risk of your holdings.
sail
▪
It only needed two men working in unison to raise and lower the junk sails to suit the wind strength.
standard
▪
Developing countries are attracting investment not by lowering their standards , but because they are making the best of their comparative advantage.
▪
Suddenly interested in the achievement of poor black schoolchildren, pundits, federal officials and policy-makers unanimously condemn Ebonics for lowering standards .
▪
Lavish praise given for undemanding and second rate efforts lowers standards rather then enhances them.
▪
He refused to lower his ethical standards for higher ratings.
▪
Food safety guarantees can lock food processors and distributors into purchasing home-produced food and not imports produced to lower standards .
▪
It may become dull and mechanized, lowering its performance standards and expectations in the inter-est of predictable functionality.
▪
Another response has been to dig deeper than usual into waiting lists or to lower admissions standards .
tax
▪
Under a social compact which runs until the end of 1990, the investing organizations will pay lower income taxes .
▪
Many deductions and tax shelters would disappear and in return, rates would be lowered under most flat tax plans.
▪
Boys, we lowered your taxes .
▪
The Nationalist plan would also lower the stock transaction tax to 0. 2 percent from the present 0. 3 percent.
temperature
▪
Keeping the heat inside Sitting in a draughty room will lower your body temperature and make you feel cold and uncomfortable.
▪
They then fan the water so that it evaporates and in doing so lowers the temperature .
▪
To cool, the motor forces air out of the box, so lowering the temperature .
▪
The heat evaporates the water and this also lowers the temperature .
▪
In Winter lower the temperature to around 66°F.
▪
Uplifted sediments would be brought from their depth-related temperature regime and subjected to lower temperatures at higher structural levels.
▪
A spray of fresh mineral water will lower your body's temperature instantly.
tone
▪
Far from lowering the tone , the changes are set to improve it.
water
▪
At Foxton, the side ponds allow refilling immediately after down traffic has lowered the water level, saving valuable time.
▪
I have to break the ice with a long pole before I can lower a bucket into water .
▪
I gave Becky to them and lowered myself into the water .
▪
Scientists will know more when they start lowering the water level next Tuesday.
▪
Endlessly clear skies and lowering water tables.
▪
Meanwhile, the draining of the small rivers for irrigation has lowered the water table in the region.
▪
A four-year drought in East Anglia and extra demands for water from a burgeoning local population have lowered the water table.
▪
The boats are swung out over the side, ready for lowering into the water .
■ VERB
raise
▪
Failing all this, raising and lowering your outstretched arms at your side is an accepted international distress signal.
▪
Missing was a windlass, used to raise and lower the anchor.
▪
These raise or lower , level by level, as you raise or lower the flame.
▪
A simple weaving shed or thread separator is used to raise and lower the warp threads through which the weft is woven.
▪
The threshold time is therefore automatically raised or lowered to compensate for the reader being swept too slowly or too quickly.
▪
It advises a user to raise or lower the number of seats at each fare.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪
Lowering its head, the bull charged at him.
▪
Houses have lowered in value recently.
▪
The Bundesbank is under pressure to lower interest rates.
▪
The coffin was lowered slowly into the ground.
▪
The old man lowered himself wearily into his chair.
▪
The old man just lowered at us as we walked by.
▪
We're lowering prices on all of our trucks.
▪
We had our kitchen cabinets lowered to be more accessible.
▪
We need to lower the mirror in the bathroom.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
At any moment he might trample into the road, lower his head, run at some one.
▪
Larsen then passed the window pane down to Grant, and lowered himself through in turn.
▪
Later a microphone was lowered to him.
▪
She lowered the sleeves, down, down, until they reached her wrists.
▪
The South Pasadena specialty food chain recently started lowering its prices for gourmet roasted whole beans.
▪
This is effective not because it lowers serum potassium concentration but because it directly antagonizes the membrane depolarizing effect of hyperkalemia.
III. verb
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
At any moment he might trample into the road, lower his head, run at some one.
▪
Larsen then passed the window pane down to Grant, and lowered himself through in turn.
▪
Later a microphone was lowered to him.
▪
Many brokerage house shares were also lower .
▪
She lowered the sleeves, down, down, until they reached her wrists.
▪
The South Pasadena specialty food chain recently started lowering its prices for gourmet roasted whole beans.
▪
They pursue reliability just because they know it leads to lower costs and increased market share.
▪
This is effective not because it lowers serum potassium concentration but because it directly antagonizes the membrane depolarizing effect of hyperkalemia.