SHOTWELL, JAMES THOMSON

born Aug. 6, 1874, Strathroy, Ont., Can. died July 15, 1965, New York, N.Y., U.S. Canadian-born American historian and diplomat who was a notable scholar of international relations in the 20th century. A graduate of the University of Toronto (B.A., 1898) and Columbia University (Ph.D., 1903), Shotwell taught history and international relations at Columbia until his retirement in 1942. Shotwell served as an adviser to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1917 on the political and historical aspects of potential postwar problems and was subsequently a delegate to the Versailles peace conference. After the United States' rejection of the League of Nations in 1919, Shotwell returned to Europe to edit the monumental Economic and Social History of the World Wars, 150 vol. (191929), sponsored by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He simultaneously worked on outlining the terms of both the Pact of Locarno (1925) and the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928). He was director of the Institute of Pacific Relations (192730) and of the Social Science Research Council (193133), and he edited a series of volumes, The Relations of Canada and the United States (1936), also sponsored by the Carnegie Endowment. In 1943 Shotwell was appointed assistant to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the project of organizing the United Nations, and in 1945 he served as chairman of consultants to the U.S. delegation at San Francisco. After 1945 he actively campaigned for the acceptance and success of the new international organization. Among Shotwell's other books are An Introduction to the History of History (1922), War as an Instrument of National Policy, and Its Renunciation in the Pact of Paris (1929), and Lessons on Security and Disarmament (1947). He also edited Records of Civilization, Sources and Studies, 5 vol. (191521).