SIDEBAR:ROCK AND RECORDING TECHNOLOGY

Additional reading Tom Dowd, Dowd on Dowd: The Story of Atlantic Records and the Emergence of the Multitrack Age, EQ, 123(5):6878 (October 1993), offers valuable insights from longtime engineer-producer Dowd into the interplay of technical expertise and musical sensibilities. Brian Eno, The Studio as Compositional Tool, Downbeat, Part I, 50(7):5657 (July 1983), and Part II, 50(8):5052 (August 1983), summarizes the recording philosophy of and describes specific techniques used by Eno, one of the first rock artists to make explicit reference to the aggregate devices in a recording studio as a compositional tool. Larry Levine, Phil Spector, EQ, 2(6):4248 (January/February 1992), is a firsthand account by Spector's engineer of how the wall of sound was constructed in the recording studio. Mark Lewisohn, The Beatles Recording Sessions (also published as The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions, 1988), provides a take-by-take account of every Beatles recording session from Love Me Do in 1962 through Long and Winding Road in 1970 and thereby illuminates the emotional and technological forces at work as the recording studio emerged as the site of popular music composition. George Martin and Jeremy Hornsby, All You Need Is Ears (1979, reissued 1994), details the production innovations of the Beatles producer. Andre Millard, America on Record: A History of Recorded Sound (1995), is an informative treatment with an emphasis on the contributions to the art of recording made by pop musicians since 1950.Simon Frith, Art Versus Technology: The Strange Case of Popular Music, Media, Culture & Society, 8:263279 (1986), examines the important sociological issues surrounding the development of recording technologies in the rock era. Edward R. Kealy, From Craft to Art: The Case of Sound Mixers and Popular Music, in Simon Frith and Andrew Goodwin (eds.), On Record: Rock, Pop, and the Written Word (1990), pp. 207220, describes how the relations of power have shifted in the recording studio in the age of rock.Rhino Records' Classic Album series of videocassettes puts the viewer in the control room with people closely connected with each recording as they listen to the master and talk about how the record was made. Titles include The Grateful Dead: Anthem to Beauty (1997), directed by Jeremy Marre; Rumors: Fleetwood Mac (1997), directed by David Heffernan; The Band (1998), directed by Bob Smeaton; Electric Ladyland (1998), directed by Roger Pomphrey; Graceland (1998), directed by Jeremy Marre; and Songs in the Key of Life (1998), directed by David Heffernan.