SPIELHAGEN, FRIEDRICH VON

born Feb. 24, 1829, Magdeburg, Prussian Saxony died Feb. 25, 1911, Berlin, Ger. popular writer whose works are considered representative of the social novel in Germany. After studying at the universities of Berlin, Bonn, and Greifswald, Spielhagen was a teacher in a gymnasium (high school) at Leipzig, but after 1854 he became entirely involved with literature. From 1878 to 1884 he was editor of Westermanns Monatshefte; he was also an actor and an active partisan in democratic movements. After two earlier novels, his Problematische Naturen, 4 vol. (1861; Problematic Characters), was a remarkable success and considered one of the best works of its time. The hero is pulled in opposite directions by the democratic ideals of society and state and by the distractions of social life. This was followed by Durch Nacht zum Licht, 4 vol. (1862; Through Night to Light), Hammer und Amboss, 5 vol. (1869; Hammer and Anvil), and Sturmflut, 3 vol. (1877; The Breaking of the Storm). The last is a powerful romance, using a tempest that flooded the Baltic coast in 1872 as a symbol for the economic storm that burst on Berlin that same year. Although the years between 1860 and 1876 are considered his most productive, Spielhagen later produced many other novels. His dramas include Liebe fr Liebe (1875) and Hans und Grete (1868).