STATISTICS: BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Bosnia and Herzegovina{1} Official name: Bosna i Hercegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Form of government: federal multiparty republic with bicameral legislature (Senate ; House of Representatives ). Chiefs of state: Tripartite presidency. Heads of government: Two cochairmen assisted by the Council of Ministers. Capital: Sarajevo. Official language: Bosnian. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 marka{3} (KM) = 100 pfenning; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = KM 1.67; 1 = KM 2.84. Demography Area: 19,741 sq mi, 51,129 sq km. Population (1998){4}: 3,366,000. Density (1998){4}: persons per sq mi 170.5, persons per sq km 65.8. Urban-rural (1981): urban 36.2%; rural 63.8%. Sex distribution (1991): male 49.79%; female 50.21%. Age breakdown (1991): under 15, 23.4%; 15-29, 26.5%; 30-44, 22.8%; 45-64, 16.0%; 65 and over, 11.3%. Population projection: (2000) 3,592,000; (2010) 3,737,000. Ethnic composition (1991): Bosniak 49.2%; Serb 31.3%; Croat 17.3%. Religious affiliation (1995): Muslim 40.0%; Serbian Orthodox 28.4%; Roman Catholic 13.5%; other (mostly nonreligious) 18.0%. Major cities (1991): Sarajevo (1997) 360,000; Banja Luka 143,079; Zenica 96,027; Tuzla 83,770; Mostar 75,865. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 7.9 (world avg. 25.0); (1993) legitimate 92.6%; illegitimate 7.4%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 15.4 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): -8.5 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 1.0. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1991): 6.0. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1991): 0.3. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 51.2 years; female 61.4 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1989): circulatory diseases 344.1; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 122.6; accidents, violence, and poisoning 47.1; digestive system diseases 29.2; respiratory diseases 29.0. National economy Budget (1997). Revenue: DM 618,000,000 (primarily customs duties). Expenditures: DM 598,500,000 (defense 41.0%, disability benefits 29.3%). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): corn (maize) 589,000, potatoes 347,000, wheat 166,000, barley 47,000; livestock (head) 314,000 cattle, 276,000 sheep, 165,000 pigs; roundwood (1995) 40,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 2,500. Mining (1995): iron ore (gross weight) 150,000; bauxite 75,000; barite (concentrate) 2,000. Manufacturing (1995): cement 150,000; crude steel 115,000; pig iron 100,000; coke 100,000. Construction (residential units constructed; 1990): 26,568. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 1,921,000,000 (2,081,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 1,400,000 (1,400,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) none (35,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) none (378,000,000). Gross national product (1996){5}: U.S.$1,867,000,000 (U.S.$600 per capita). Population economically active (1991): total 992,000; activity rate of total population 22.7% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 35.6%; female 37.7%; unemployed 75.0%). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1991) 3.4; income per household (1990) Din 72,850{5} (U.S.$6,437); sources of income (1990): wages 53.2%, transfers 18.2%, self-employment 12.0%, other 16.6%; expenditure (1988): food 41.3%, clothing 8.3%, fuel and lighting 7.8%, housing 7.8%, transportation 6.0%, beverages and tobacco 5.7%. Foreign trade{5} Imports (1996){5}: U.S.$1,879,000,000. Major import sources: Croatia 32%; Slovenia 15%; Germany 13%; Italy 13%; Hungary 6%. Exports (1996){5}: U.S.$171,000,000. Major export destinations: Croatia 34%; Italy 26%; Germany 16%; Slovenia 8%; United States 5%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1991): route length 1,021 km; passenger-km 554,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 1,946,000,000. Roads (1991): total length 21,168 km (paved 54%). Vehicles (1990): passenger cars 438,080; trucks and buses 50,578. Airports (1997) with scheduled flights 1{6}. Education and health Educational attainment (1981). Percentage of population age 15 and over having: less than full primary education 49.5%; primary 24.2%; secondary 21.7%; postsecondary and higher 4.3%. Literacy (1981): total population age 10 and over literate 2,962,400 (85.5%); males 96.5%; females 76.6%. Health: physicians (1996) 4,500{5} (1 per 703 persons); hospital beds (1990) 19,858 (1 per 217 persons); infant mortality rate (1996) 43.2. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 40,000 (army 100%). {1} Government structure provided for by Dayton accords and constitutions of 1993 and 1994 is being implemented in stages since formal signing of peace accord on Dec. 14, 1995. {2} All seats are nonelective. {3} An interim currency pegged to the German Deutsche Mark (DM) at a 1 to 1 ratio, the marka (or Konvertibilna marka, "convertible mark"; KM) was introduced on June 22, 1998, to replace the Bosnian dinar (BD) at a rate of 100 BD to 1 KM. {4} Excludes about 1,000,000 refugees in adjacent countries and Western Europe. {5} Estimated figures. {6} Sarajevo Airport reopened in August 1996.