STATISTICS: MONGOLIA

Mongolia Official name: Mongol Uls (Mongolia). Form of government: unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (State Great Hural ). Chief of state: President. Head of govenment: Prime Minister. Capital: Ulaanbaatar (Ulan Bator). Official language: Khalkha Mongolian. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 tugrik (Tug) = 100 mng; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = Tug 840.56; 1 = Tug 1,431.05. Demography Population (1998): 2,413,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 4.0, persons per sq km 1.5. Urban-rural (1995): urban 62.0%; rural 38.0%. Sex distribution (1997): male 50.04%; female 49.96%. Age breakdown (1997): under 15, 37.7%; 15-29, 29.7%; 30-44, 19.1%; 45-59, 7.9%; 60-69, 4.3%; 70 and over, 1.3%. Population projection: (2000) 2,496,000; (2010) 2,952,000. Doubling time: 47 years. Ethnic composition (1989): Khalkha Mongol 78.8%; Kazak 5.9%; Drbed Mongol 2.7%; Bayad 1.9%; Buryat Mongol 1.7%; Dariganga Mongol 1.4%; other 7.6%. Religious affiliation (1995): Tantric Buddhist (Lamaism) 96.0%; Muslim 4.0%. Major cities (1996): Ulaanbaatar (Ulan Bator) 627,300{1}; Darhan 87,100; Choybalsan 79,900; Erdenet 59,100; lgiy (1991) 29,400. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1997): 25.0 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1997): 8.0 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1997): 17.0 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1997): 2.9. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1989): 7.8. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1989): 0.5. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 64.0 years; female 67.0 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population: n.a.; however, in the early 1990s, major causes of mortality included diseases of the cardiovascular system, diseases of the respiratory system, and diseases of the cerebrovascular system. National economy Budget (1997). Revenue: Tug 157,802,100,000 (taxes 69.7%, of which income tax 18.9%, social security contribution 14.5%, customs duties 13.2%, sales tax 13.1%; nontax revenue 30.3%). Expenditures: Tug 184,105,800,000 (social and cultural services, education, and health 58.6%; capital investment 11.0%; defense 8.1%; salaries in state-run enterprises 7.3%). Public debt (external; 1996): U.S.$474,000,000. Population economically active (1995): total 868,200; activity rate of total population 37.7% (participation rates: ages 16-59 77.9%; female 46.0%; unemployed 7.6%). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1997): wheat 198,060, potatoes 47,047, vegetables and melons 25,000; livestock (number of live animals) 13,606,000 sheep, 9,134,000 goats, 3,476,300 cattle, 2,400,000 horses, 390,000 camels, 19,085 pigs; roundwood (1995) 883,500 cu m; fish catch (1995) 130. Mining and quarrying (1996): fluorspar 565,100; copper 351,500; molybdenum 4,684; gold 5,242 kg. Manufacturing (value added by manufacturing in Tug '000,000; 1994): textiles 8,899.7; food products 8,055.2; leather and footwear 2,415.5; construction materials 1,863.0; clothing and apparel 1,259.8; wood products 1,209.4; beverages 944.5; chemicals 413.4; printing and publishing 339.9. Construction (1994): residential 120,400 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 3,265,000,000 (3,472,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 635,000 (635,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) none (595,000). Gross national product (1996): U.S.$902,000,000 (U.S.$360 per capita). Household income and expenditure. Average family size (1993) 4.4; income per household (1992){2} Tug 5,500 (U.S.$140); sources of income (1993): wages and salaries 72.1%, transfer payments 9.7%, self-employment 9.5%{3}, other 8.7%; expenditure (1991): food 48.6%, clothing 21.9%, housing 10.5%, transportation and communications 6.8%, household goods 4.1%. Land use (1994): forest 8.8%; pasture 74.8%; agriculture 0.8%; other 15.6%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): U.S.$438,283,000 (machinery and electronics 22.4%, mineral products 20.0%, motor vehicles and transport equipment 17.2%, food, beverages, and tobacco 13.1%, metals and finished products 7.3%). Major import sources: Russia 34.2%; Japan 17.5%; Germany 4.7%; South Korea 4.0%; Singapore 2.9%; U.S. 2.5%. Exports (1996): U.S.$422,897,000 (mineral products 59.2%, textile products 23.5%, metals and finished products 3.5%, live animals 3.2%). Major export destinations: Switzerland 25.4%; Russia 20.6%; China 17.7%; Japan 8.5%; U.K. 4.4%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1994): length 2,083 km; passenger-km 789,600,000; metric ton-km cargo 2,131,700. Roads (1996): total length 50,000 km (paved 3%). Vehicles (1996): passenger cars 28,000; trucks and buses 28,000. Air transport (1994): passenger-km 115,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 12,000,000; airports (1997) with scheduled flights 1. Education and health Educational attainment (1989). Percentage of population age 10 and over having: primary education 33.7%; some secondary 31.9%; complete secondary 16.9%; vocational secondary 9.4%; some higher and complete higher 8.1%. Literacy (1995): percentage of total population age 15 and over literate 82.9%; males literate 88.6%; females literate 77.2%. Health (1993): physicians 5,911 (1 per 401 persons) hospital beds 23,400 (1 per 101 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1997) 68.0. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 1,897 (vegetable products 60%, animal products 40%); 78% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 14,900{4} (army 94%, air force 6%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 24.% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$8. {1} 1997 estimate. {2} Urban households. {3} Includes income from agricultural cooperatives. {4} Includes 5,900 paramilitary forces.