STREEP, MERYL

born June 22, 1949, Summit, N.J., U.S. original name Mary Louise Streep American film actress known for her masterly technique, expertise with dialects, and subtly expressive face. Streep started voice training at age 12 and took up acting in high school. In 1971 she graduated from Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, with a degree in drama and costume design. After working in summer stock theatre, Streep studied drama at Yale University, where she earned her Master of Fine Arts in 1975. She then moved to New York City to begin a professional career as an actress. Streep made her Broadway debut in 1975 with Trelawny of the Wells. Two years later she appeared in her first feature film, Julia (1977), but it was her performance in The Deer Hunter (1978) that earned Streep widespread recognition. Though her role was relatively small, she displayed a quiet softness that contrasted sharply with the bravado of the male characters and deepened the film's testament to the devastating effects of the Vietnam War on young Americans. That same year she also starred in the television miniseries Holocaust, for which she won an Emmy award. Over the next 10 years, Streep confirmed her reputation as one of Hollywood's finest dramatic actresses. Her performances in Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)as a mother who leaves her young son and then fights to regain his custodyand Sophie's Choice (1982)as a Polish survivor of a Nazi concentration campearned her Academy Awards for supporting actress and leading actress, respectively. She further demonstrated her range and her gifts for rendering complex emotional states and seamless characterization in such roles as a modern-day actress portraying a Victorian woman of mystery in The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), a factory-worker-turned-activist in Silkwood (1983), and the aristocratic Danish author Isak Dinesen in Out of Africa (1985). She won the Cannes Film Festival and New York Film Critics' Circle awards for best actress for her moving performance in A Cry in the Dark (1988) as Lindy Chamberlain, the real-life Australian mother accused of murdering her baby daughter although she claimed that the child was carried off by a dingo. By the late 1980s Streep's reputation as a brilliant technical actress came to be a burden. Her name was typically associated with a serious, often depressing sort of film, and some critics complained that her performances lacked compassion. As a result, Streep tried to change her popular image by appearing in a handful of comedies, including Postcards from the Edge (1990) and Death Becomes Her (1992), and in the action-adventure film The River Wild (1994). For the most part, these films were not well received, and Streep returned to dramatic films that required more technical skill and less personal charisma. She gave memorable performances in The Bridges of Madison County (1995), Marvin's Room (1996), and One True Thing (1998).