TAVIANI, PAOLO; AND TAVIANI, VITTORIO

born Nov. 8, 1931, San Miniato, near Pisa, Italy born Sept. 20, 1929, San Miniato Italian brothers and filmmakers who combined the social concerns and documentary effects of Neorealism with modernist concerns for outstanding, often poetic, visual and aural effects. Both Taviani brothers graduated from the University of Pisa. They gained experience for their filmmaking work by writing and staging plays with Valentino Orsini. Inspired by Roberto Rossellini's Neorealist film Pais, they began to study and work in cinema. Their first efforts, often undertaken in collaboration with Orsini, were a series of documentaries on a variety of subjects. Un uomo da bruciare (1962; A Man for the Burning), made with Orsini's collaboration, was their first feature film. It is a portrait of a murdered trade union leader, and its long tracking shots demonstrate what was to become a Taviani trademark. They made one more film with Orsini before striking out on their own in the mid-1960s. I sovversivi (1967; The Subversives) mixes documentary footage with a fictional story about the death of a leader and the end of an era for the Italian Left. Their first major success, Padre Padrone (1977; Father Master), is based on the life of an Italian linguist who in his youth was an illiterate shepherd. In the later La notte di San Lorenzo (1982; Night of the Shooting Stars), a mother recounts for her child her wartime memories of a night during which her village struggled to stay alive.