TICONDEROGA

unincorporated village and town (township), Essex county, northeastern New York, U.S., at the north outlet (La Chute River) of Lake George where it drains into Lake Champlain. Located on an ancient Indian portage, its name is derived from the Iroquois word cheonderoga meaning between two waters, or where the waters meet. The site, on the main route between Canada and the upper Hudson River valley, was of strategic importance to the French who built Fort-Carillon on Lake Champlain in 1755. Captured by the British in 1759 (during the French and Indian War) the fort was renamed Ticonderoga. During the American Revolution the Green Mountain Boys, led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, overran the fort in a surprise attack on May 10, 1775, and seized artillery that Henry Knox transported to Boston for use against the British. It was retaken (1777) by the British under General John Burgoyne, who abandoned it after the Battles of Saratoga. Restored beginning in 1908 according to early French plans, the fort (including a museum) is now a tourist attraction. The village (incorporated 1889; disincorporated 1993) is dominated by an economy geared to year-round tourism; the paper and pulp industry is also locally important. Nearby mines (no longer worked) were once the principal source of crystalline graphite in the United States. The summit of nearby Mount Defiance (south), where British cannon were placed in 1777, is reached by a road. Area town, 82 square miles (212 square km). Pop. (1990) village, 2,770; town, 5,149; (1998 est.) town, 5,131.