born July 25, 1750, Boston, Mass.
died Oct. 25, 1806, Thomaston, Maine, U.S.
American Revolutionary officer.
Active in the colonial militia, he joined the Continental Army and was sent by Ticonderoga . In mid-winter, he oversaw the transport of 120,000 lbs (55,000 kg) of artillery by oxen and horses over snow and ice 300 mi (480 km) to Boston. Promoted to general, he commanded the artillery in the battles of Monmouth and Yorktown, and in 1783 he succeeded Washington as commander of the army. He was secretary of war under the Articles of Confederation from 1785 to 1789 and served as the first U.S. secretary of war from 1789 to 1795.