VERDI, GIUSEPPE

born October 9/10, 1813, Roncole, near Busseto, duchy of Parma died January 27, 1901, Milan, Italy Giuseppe Verdi, in the late 1870s. in full Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi leading Italian composer of opera in the 19th century, noted for operas such as Rigoletto (1851), Il trovatore (1853), La traviata (1853), Don Carlos (1867), Aida (1871), Otello (1887), and Falstaff (1893) and for his Requiem Mass (1874). Dyneley Hussey Joseph Kerman Additional reading Biography Mary Jane Phillips-Matz, Verdi (1997), is the full-length biography, based on very extensive new research; some conclusions are controversial. An excellent short life, with some discussion of the major operas, is John Rosselli, The Life of Verdi (2000). Other biographies include David Kimbell, Verdi in the Age of Romanticism (1981); and Frank Walker, The Man Verdi (1962), a classic study of selected topics in Verdi biography. Letters and documents Selected letters have been edited by Franz Werfel and Paul Stefan, Verdi, the Man in His Letters (1942); and Charles Osborne, Letters of Giuseppe Verdi (1971). Interesting contemporary notices, articles, interviews, and other materials are collected in Marcello Conati (ed.), Encounters with Verdi (1984). Hans Busch (ed.), Verdi's Aida: The History of an Opera in Letters and Documents (1978), provides voluminous documentation, including a published production book (overseen by Verdi) to guide stage directors. Busch edited similar sourcebooks on Falstaff (1997) and on Otello and Simon Boccanegra (1988). Life and works Books discussing Verdi's life and works include Julian Budden, Verdi (1996); and Andrew Porter, Verdi in The New Grove Masters of Italian Opera, ed. by Stanley Sadie (1983), an excellent concise account. Older life-and-works volumes such as Francis Toye, Giuseppe Verdi, Life and Works (1931), and Dyneley Hussey, Verdi (3rd ed., 1968), are outdated. Studies of the operas Focused studies of Verdi's operas include Charles Osborne, The Complete Operas of Verdi (1969), and Stanley Sadie (ed.), Verdi and His Operas (2000). The authoritative study is Julian Budden, The Operas of Verdi, 3 vol. (197381), with detailed but very readable analyses of each opera's history, libretto, compositional process, first performance, revisions, etc., and scene-by-scene discussions of the music, with many music examples. Vincent Godefroy, The Dramatic Genius of Verdi: Studies of Selected Operas (1975), offers enthusiastic and sensitive if less scholarly commentary. Individual works Nicholas John (ed.), Opera Guides for the English National Opera and Royal Opera, are pocket-size, illustrated books that include the full libretto in Italian and English: No. 2, Aida; No. 5, La traviata; No. 7, Otello; No. 15, Rigoletto; No. 20, Il trovatore; No. 23, La forza del destino; No. 32, Simon Boccanegra; No. 41, Macbeth; No. 46, Don Carlos. Other William Weaver, Verdi: A Documentary Study (1977), is lavishly illustrated. William Weaver and Martin Chusid (eds.), The Verdi Companion (1979) includes essays on various aspects of Verdi's life and works. Joseph Kerman