VERGIL, POLYDORE

born c. 1470, , Urbino, Urbino and Pesaro died April 18, 1555, Urbino original name Polidoro Vergilio Italian-born Humanist who wrote an English history that became required reading in schools and influenced the 16th-century English chroniclers Edward Hall and Raphael Holinshed and, through them, Shakespeare. Vergil was educated in Padua and perhaps in Bologna. After he was ordained priest, he was given various appointments in England by the papal chancery, initially in 1502 as subcollector of Peter's Pence (a contribution to the pope). In 1508 he was made archdeacon of Wells. He became friends with such English Humanists as Sir Thomas More, William Grocyn, and John Colet, and remained in England, with periodic visits to Italy, until 1550, when he returned to Urbino. Among Vergil's important works were Proverbiorum libellus (1498), known as the Adagia, a collection of proverbs and aphorisms with comments and moralistic reflections; De rerum inventoribus (1499), a popular, often reprinted treatise on inventions; and particularly the Anglicae historia libri XXVI (Twenty-six Books of English History), which began publication in 1546 and was finally collected in its complete form in 1651 (partial Eng. trans., Three Books of Polydore Vergil's English History Comprising the Reigns of Henry VI, Edward IV, and Richard III, 1844). This history was of great influence, both because an order of the Privy Council in 1582 made it required reading in English schools and because of its effect on the English historians Hall and Holinshed; the last-named in particular was a favourite source of material for Shakespeare.