WELWYN HATFIELD

district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, southeastern England, directly north of the metropolitan county of Greater London. Welwyn Hatfield district is an area of rolling, open countryside within the Thames basin, and its southern sections are part of the Greater London Green Belt. Welwyn Garden City and Hatfield, located 3 miles (5 km) apart and about 30 miles northwest of central London, both were designated as new towns in the late 1940s to help meet London's urgent postwar housing needs. Welwyn Garden City was founded in 1920 by Sir Ebenezer Howard, the originator of the garden city movement, and many experiments of combined rural-and-urban living have been undertaken in the town. East of Hatfield is the early 16th-century Hatfield House, an E-shaped building constructed for Robert Cecil (152098), 1st earl of Salisbury, that includes a section of the red brick Tudor palace where Elizabeth I spent her childhood. Dairy farming, market gardening, and seed-growing nurseries are the principal economic activities in the southern Green Belt. Welwyn Garden City, the district seat, has a wide variety of industries; light industries include radio and electronics, pharmaceuticals, plastics, and food processing. An aircraft-manufacturing division of British Aerospace Public Ltd. Company (founded in 1980) is located at Hatfield. Area 49 square miles (128 square km). Pop. (1998 est.) 95,000.