PROOF


Meaning of PROOF in English

I. noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES

conclusive proof/evidence/findings etc

The investigation failed to provide any conclusive evidence.

documentary evidence/proof

One of the most useful sources of documentary evidence is maps.

form/proof of identification

Bring some form of identification, preferably a passport.

irrefutable evidence/proof/facts

irrefutable proof of his innocence

proof of identity (= something that proves you are who you say you are )

You’ll need proof of identity, such as a driving licence.

proof of purchase

I enclose my receipt as proof of purchase .

take sth as evidence/proof (of sth)

The presence of dust clouds has been taken as evidence of recent star formation.

tangible evidence/proof

He has no tangible evidence of John’s guilt.

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ ADJECTIVE

absolute

The photographs in the album were absolute proof of that.

We need absolute proof of that.

conclusive

I stopped for a second and tried to think what my conclusive proof was.

Salt analysis will provide conclusive proof .

The procedure has not gained formal approval by the International Olympic Committee because it does not give conclusive proof of drug use.

final

Previously they had the conviction and the confidence but this tape was the final proof , the confirmation of the possibilities.

The final proofs arrive for the catalogue of the next silver sale.

It was a knotty mass of blue and black tissue - final proof of Dowd's inhumanity.

What final proof would be produced from the text capture and correction phases: line-printer? typographic proof?

The final proof , or perhaps the first, is the chub's big mouth and thick white rubbery lips.

further

Building societies make up 18 out of the top 20 performers, which is further proof of the benefits of mutuality.

As they talked a further proof seemed given them that Apollo could speak falsely.

All further proof that Elvis' current Grizzly Adams guise may yet turn out to be one of his most interesting phases.

And if those whose symbols were thus explained hotly denied the interpretations, that would simply be further proof .

The extremely rare use of the bare infinitive with the passive of perceptual verbs adds further proof that this is the case.

And, if anyone needed further proof of guilt after that, Alex Household had run away from the scene of the crime.

irrefutable

I'd say that until you uncover irrefutable proof of his innocence, you've got your man.

There was irrefutable proof that words and numbers were the perfect commodities for export.

Further, he offered to provide Judge Ireland with irrefutable proof from his personal contacts at the highest level in London.

living

And the living proof of that was Emily.

He is living proof that if the famine doesn't get you, the bullets will.

She is also living proof that stress and hard work need not necessarily be ageing.

His family are for him living proof of them.

Mr. Atkins My hon. Friend is living proof of his own contention.

He is living proof that an individual congressman with energy and knowledge can turn himself into a foreign-policy entrepreneur.

It was for Lesley Bale to be the living proof that there was a way through.

mathematical

My notes showed the mathematical and geometrical proofs .

So many mathematical proofs are like that.

A mathematical proof about some property of a triangle does not, Gassendi thinks, give demonstrative understanding of its cause.

In the absence of mathematical proofs of security, nothing builds confidence in a cryptosystem like sustained attempts to crack it.

positive

Here again, because positive proof is not available, I can only offer you my own theories for your consideration.

A heartfelt lament and positive proof that Morrissey's voice is indeed a valuable instrument.

The fact that attempts are made to restore it is positive proof .

scientific

But the meditators maintain they have scientific proof that it does work and they can bring peace to a troubled world.

While highly suggestive, such studies have not always met the test of scientific proof .

And the following day Britain lost its battle to impose the burden of scientific proof on those who oppose radioactive dumping.

But then, miracles of that kind only happen in holy books or in out of the way places, without scientific proof .

By the end of the nineteenth century, the Darwinian revolution appeared to offer scientific proof of the processes of evolution.

tangible

It represented tangible proof of her achievements after years of struggle in a male-dominated profession.

■ NOUN

galley

Catchline a temporary headline for identification on the top of a galley proof .

I learned to read the galley proofs and familiarised myself with printers' hieroglyphics.

Critical reading of galley proofs by outside expert consultants.

Proofs of colour artwork may be sent to contributors under separate cover from their galley proofs .

Page proofs the stage following galley proofs, in which pages are made up and paginated.

The unit of measurement for paper weight. Galley proof proofs taken from the galleys before being made up into pages.

■ VERB

offer

Meanwhile, worried scientists have moved beyond offering proof of the ill effects of human activity to proposing solutions.

Let us offer a streamlined proof that M2 holds.

By the end of the nineteenth century, the Darwinian revolution appeared to offer scientific proof of the processes of evolution.

However, Feather said no non-invasive physical test can offer proof of origin.

Still, I can offer further proof .

Although this is probably so, I am able to offer no evidence in proof of it.

provide

The 1990s then will provide the proof of just exactly how long term the effects of privatisation will be.

Similarly it was thought that the physical characteristics of certain plants had provided firm proof of intercontinental contact.

The euro has provided the most convincing proof so far that political will can impose itself on market forces.

The success stories I will provide contain the proof of that.

Salt analysis will provide conclusive proof .

Moving away from the camera, Alvin posed beside Rose Garden tubeworms, providing unarguable proof of dimension.

They say we must wait for science to provide that proof .

A law that took effect in 1994 requires applicants for new licenses to provide proof of legal immigration status.

require

Christina could only nod and hope that she would not be required to furnish immediate proof of this familiarity.

Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof , as some one said.

This reference is usually required by lenders as proof of earnings with which to support your loan.

Nishioka said at some point the state may require proof of identification.

Criminal prosecution, requiring proof beyond reasonable doubt, is one legal contribution to child protection.

Since this is such an action, the rule requiring proof of actual malice is applicable....

A manslaughter conviction would require proof of recklessness or, possibly, gross negligence.

But criminal prosecution requires proof beyond reasonable doubt that the person charged committed the offence.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

living proof

I'm living proof that people can make their dreams come true.

Jordan is living proof that you don't have to conform to the music industry's standards in order to be accepted.

The team is living proof of the old saying that it's not whom you play that counts, but when you play them.

We know that English and French speakers can live together in Canada - Montreal is living proof of that.

And the living proof of that was Emily.

He is living proof that if the famine doesn't get you, the bullets will.

I will remember them as living proof that you can have too much of a good thing.

I would be-come the living proof of the strength of her womanhood.

Indeed, she may well be living proof of it.

She is living proof that a Democrat can be an honorable attorney general in a scandal-prone Democratic administration.

She is also living proof that stress and hard work need not necessarily be ageing.

positive proof/evidence/identification etc

A clearer view exists of what services are not than of any positive identification of their characteristics.

After setting up the frequency, make sure of positive identification. 2.

Check the call-sign twice for positive identification.

However, the issue is settled by positive evidence not by ingenious explanation of the failure to confirm the idea.

I was hoping for a positive identification.

Just when these walls were later added remains a vexing question as so little positive evidence has even now been recovered.

The fact that attempts are made to restore it is positive proof.

They look for positive evidence that the business is soundly based and a good lending risk.

the burden of proof

Gullibility is another name for misplacing the burden of proof.

Here the prospect of building an ethic on spontaneity and awareness brings about an unexpected shift of the burden of proof.

Is that because of the racial difference or the difference in the burden of proof in criminal and civil cases?

Is the potential for misidentification any less when the defence bear the burden of proof?

Moreover both counsel would shortly before the summing-up have reminded the jury of the burden of proof.

People even disagree on whether the burden of proof here lies with the atheists or the believers.

There is the important question of the reversal of the burden of proof.

This is similar to a negligence test, but in the statutory action the burden of proof is on the employer.

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

He was the only person in the room when the money disappeared - what more proof do you want?

It was alleged that he was stealing money from the till, but we never had any conclusive proof .

The police knew she was guilty, but they had no proof .

There is no proof that he did it.

You can't drink in bars without some proof of your age.

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

A key ingredient of this proof was to represent the complex numbers geometrically, and then to use a topological argument.

Even my highly regrettable tendency to react positively whenever the fridge door is opened was proof against that.

If that is not proof of lack of investment, what is?

It justifies the move as proof that it is taking the independent platform integration business seriously.

Of course, she reminded herself sternly, that was just proof that she had not had many sensual encounters.

Such actions were virtually undetectable, and on several occasions suspicion there might be, but proof was impossible.

That play was some proof that I was all right.

The examining magistrate will decide to send the case to trial, except when proof of innocence is clear.

II. adjective

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

the burden of proof

Gullibility is another name for misplacing the burden of proof.

Here the prospect of building an ethic on spontaneity and awareness brings about an unexpected shift of the burden of proof.

Is that because of the racial difference or the difference in the burden of proof in criminal and civil cases?

Is the potential for misidentification any less when the defence bear the burden of proof?

Moreover both counsel would shortly before the summing-up have reminded the jury of the burden of proof.

People even disagree on whether the burden of proof here lies with the atheists or the believers.

There is the important question of the reversal of the burden of proof.

This is similar to a negligence test, but in the statutory action the burden of proof is on the employer.

III. verb

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

Any lexicographer may obtain entry text for read only or for proofing regardless of ownership or the status of the on-loan flag.

It also controls the background batch machines used to support proofing.

The first part of proofing is as simple as creating white space.

This yeast is added directly to the dough, with-out need for proofing.

Longman DOCE5 Extras English vocabulary.      Дополнительный английский словарь Longman DOCE5.