RISK


Meaning of RISK in English

I. noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES

a credit risk (= a risk that a bank etc may not get back the money it lends )

Banks first have to assess whether a borrower is a credit risk.

a health risk/hazard/threat (= something that could damage your health )

The report looked at the health risks linked to eating excess sugar.

a potential danger/threat/risk

Tired drivers are a potential danger to other road users.

a risk factor (= something that makes you more likely to have an illness )

The highest risk factor for coronary heart disease was found to be smoking.

a security risk

His presence in the area posed a significant security risk.

an unnecessary risk

Neither team is likely to take any unnecessary risks, so the result will probably be a draw.

eliminate a need/possibility/risk/problem etc

The credit card eliminates the need for cash or cheques.

There is no solution that will totally eliminate the possibility of theft.

lessen the risk/chance/possibility etc (of sth)

Exercise lessens the risk of heart disease.

pose a threat/danger/risk

The chemical leak poses a threat to human health.

risk averse

Shareholders are more risk averse than they used to be.

risk averse (= do not like taking a risk )

Some banks are risk averse .

risk management

risk your life

He risked his life to help Jews during the Second World War.

security risk

After the bomb threat, it was considered too much of a security risk to let the races go ahead.

the risk/possibility of failure

The risk of failure for a new product is very high.

The possibility of failure was sufficiently high for the auditors to warn investors.

took a calculated risk

The police took a calculated risk in releasing him.

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ ADJECTIVE

great

The greatest risk of conflict is at mealtimes.

The more times you go up there, the greater the risk .

If you are one of those patients who are at greater risk from flu, you should try to avoid catching it.

Just how great those risks were, Roosevelt knew as did few others in the world.

Unquoted companies are not subject to such disclosure requirements and accordingly represent a greater risk .

Teenagers often consider themselves immortal, and these young people may be putting themselves at great risk .

The new provisions hit hardest at the exploration stages of minerals projects, where there is the greatest risk .

Still, Dave puts his family at great risk , yet takes smart precautions to protect a casual acquaintance.

high

We accept that a high risk should have a high reward even though this is not always the case in the market place.

This is a time for high risks .

One contentious area where ethical controversies abound concerns genetic screening and the detection of high risk groups.

The possibility of such a mid-plate quake thus carries a much higher risk than one on a plate boundary.

Despite this high risk of exposure to infection, the reported incidence of clinical cases is small.

They must not demand a very high cash outlay or demand a very high degree of risk thereby endangering subsistence.

This, of course, begs the question of who is in the high risk group.

They reported a 60 % higher risk linked to maternal alcohol consumption.

increased

Thus the impact of an increased risk of coronary heart disease associated with poor dental health could be substantial.

Discussion Overall we found that periodontal disease was associated with a small increased risk of coronary heart disease.

If the acceptance of increased risk is rewarded by a greater return as predicted by the model then should be positive.

The plastic membrane is treated to prevent this, and animal trials have shown no increased risk of clotting.

Recent studies have found an increased risk of diseases other than lung cancer in passive smokers.

For melanoma, it has been shown that the de novo expression of ICAM-1 correlates with an increased risk of metastasis.

An increased risk of developing gastric cancer after previous vagotomy has also been reported.

These results suggest that there is an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures at the spine and hip.

low

The Novartis team used a low risk philosophy, which necessarily cost more, though it provided guarantees against disaster.

The black buckets styled as builders buckets are useful for cleaning in low risk areas.

Britain - after the traumas of the 1960s - looked for a modest space policy, low profile and low risk .

Transplants did not improve the survival chances of patients at low and medium risk of dying on the waiting list.

It is reinforced further by the fact that they have a low default risk .

A consequence of the lower risk is that many futures exchanges require lower margins for spreads than for single positions.

In patients with severe haemorrhage and low surgical risk , surgical intervention was carried out immediately.

This varies depending on whether you work in a high or low risk area.

potential

The county council says the waste was not a potential risk to the public.

Rightly or wrongly, I judged the potential risks in so doing were greater than any possible benefit that I could imagine.

The significance of such questions can only be assessed in the light of present knowledge and potential benefits weighed against potential risks .

Initially stimuli are compared in terms of the total numbers of descriptions and potential risks in the protocols.

Faculty supporters counter that the faculty would still be within the Institute and that the benefits would far outweigh the potential risk .

The significant main effect of junction type for both descriptions and potential risks is difficult to accommodate within this framework.

The market has a mechanism for ensuring even that the potential risk of damage to the environment can be costed.

Addictive disease, as opposed to physiological addiction, it is not a significant potential risk for all human beings.

real

There can be no real intimacy without risk , but it is difficult to establish trust without risk to demonstrate it.

The real amount at risk is perhaps only 1 percent to 1. 5 percent of the notional figure, bankers estimate.

The only real risk to regiments, as against the programme that we have set out, is a change of Government.

If there is no one to talk it through with, then there is the real risk of hopeless adventure.

This is a very real risk , and it accounts for some of the initial resistance in both Boston and Tulsa.

But there are real risks in leaving everything until next spring.

Spending most of each day in out-of-home care is a real risk factor for a baby.

relative

The relative risk of developing resistance with each regimen is unknown.

These workers are the most mobile and have the greatest incentive to evaluate carefully the relative and absolute risks .

Adjustment of the relative risks for smoking made little difference.

Treatment in the young has to be decided individually, based on the relative risk and assessment of the most likely mechanism.

The size of the relative risk strongly suggests a genetic contribution.

Point estimates for the relative risks were computed by using the observed to expected ratios in the individual exposure groups.

We used Mantel-Haenzel estimates of relative risk and rate ratios for stratified data.

Proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate relative risks adjusted for several covariates.

serious

Most patients coming to hospital after an overdose are not at serious risk .

Both the capability-building priority and the unusual time commitments bore serious risks to their professional advancement and reward.

Under that case the accused must take an obvious and serious risk .

This material is at serious risk of being stolen.

He took a much greater and more serious risk , one which his relatives to this day gloss over or fudge.

With that political cover, the White House figured it could authorize the move without serious risk .

At worst, it could have been a serious health risk or even life-threatening.

Therefore, it can be said that there need not be an obvious and serious risk of death in reckless manslaughter.

■ NOUN

assessment

Hronek also performs site-specific safety and risk assessment consultations for government and organizations.

Let us now consider some of the economic and political factors generally incorporated into country risk assessment models applicable to non-OECD countries.

Authorised conditions of disposal can be recorded together with any associated risk assessments .

Clean technology - assessing the benefits Quantitative risk assessment has been employed to aid safety management decisions for many years.

Furthermore, the scales at which population estimates are often required means that even EDs are too coarse for risk assessments .

Comply with Regulations Engineering standards and Codes of Practice can be thought of as the result of generic risk assessments .

factor

These risk factors accounted for about one third of the grade differences in sickness absence.

The risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome within groups were remarkably similar.

Decades of research on a major scale points the finger at cholesterol as one of the key risk factors for heart disease.

If the patient is over 40 or has risk factors for colon carcinoma, a barium enema is prudent.

Other risk factors , not related to ethnicity, probably explain remaining differences between Maori and non-Maori children.

Effect of combinations of risk factors Risk factors identified by univariate analysis were examined in pairs to determine their effect on healing.

Between 5.2 and around 6 is an intermediate zone which is fine provided the patient has no other risk factors .

health

Are the long-term health risks of playing through injury explained to, and understood by, players?

All have policies allowing women of child-bearing age to transfer to other jobs if they are concerned about health risks .

I find it very sad that the traditional weekend by the sea cam now be considered a health risk .

The health risks of dieting should be more of an issue for her.

The environment minister, Michael Meacher, conceded that the pyres could be a health risk .

But legal restrictions can significantly increase health risks as abortion services are driven underground.

Its radiation emissions are said to be a severe health risk to local residents.

Some people began early on to hint that fat was a health risk .

management

Several have human resources consultancies, while Eversheds recently set up a risk management consultancy.

Mr Wilson, 41 years old, had been general manager of risk management .

The objective is to instil an awareness of risk issues and basic methods of risk management .

It will use Equifax's on-line risk management system to authorise card transactions.

Mr Dickie is one of a growing band of marketing consultants, advising farming companies on risk management .

Table 2 lists managements practices which have been found to correlate with effective risk management.

The Guidelines are neither a technical code of practice nor a manual for risk management .

Yet with the development of improved risk management techniques, they find that much of the technological infrastructure is already in place.

premium

This model is also used to derive a theoretical expression for the risk premium .

Capital market theory implies that, for index futures, there is a risk premium .

This is reflected by the inclusion of the risk premium factor.

If then follows that the sign of the risk premium can not be decided apriori.

If traders are risk-averse , as volatility increases, the size of any risk premium will also tend to increase.

Next, the issue of whether the return on a futures contract includes a risk premium is examined.

The market return minus the risk-free return is the risk premium that investors expect for investing in the market portfolio.

rating

To explore this possibility subjects gave risk ratings for the stimuli after completing the main experiment.

The risk ratings come from Morningstar.

The risk rating is a statistical measure of the probability of failure for companies with negative Z-Score.

The risk ratings of recent failures are also provided in Table 1.

Accident estimates and risk ratings are strongly related for individual subjects.

The data for risk ratings and accident estimates were considered separately and are plotted in Figures 4.1 and 4.2 respectively.

One subject used a wide range of accident estimates but gave a risk rating of one at all 40 junctions.

The actual distribution of responses across the 20 possible risk ratings and 21 possible accident estimates is shown in Figure 3.2.

security

Bobby Kennedy declared Sinatra's home a security risk , and the President had to cancel his stay at the Sinatra mansion.

Windows 95 users will want to explore some built-in security risks in that software.

Decorative projecting bricks, alcoves, wrought iron gates, and so on, are a security risk .

It is hard for me to imagine how you could say they present a security risk .

The Northern authorities confirmed tonight they wouldn't be switching the tie despite the obvious security risk .

The investigations are intended to prevent spies, criminals, security risks and other undesirables from entering government.

Apparently they regarded Churchill as a poor security risk .

On paper, Jack Edward Dunlap was the ideal security risk .

■ VERB

associate

However, even relatively rhythmic and non-contact activities may be associated with substantial injury risks .

Fund investors should have large concerns about the liquidity of their investments and the associated risk .

A key question concerns the types of social contact that may be associated with a high risk of transmission of P cepacia.

People hold domestic deposits despite the higher interest rate on offshore deposits because they associate greater political risk with offshore deposits.

Co-trimoxazole was associated with lower risks of severe events in all strata.

In pregnancy and obesity, increased fasting and postprandial residual gall bladder volumes are associated with increased risk of gall stone formation.

However, it is also associated with excess risk as a cause of marital breakdown.

Clozapine, for example, appears to be associated with reduced risk of relapse.

avoid

The operation will be strictly controlled to avoid any further risks .

Similarly, Y is the average value per injury avoided by reducing risk .

Even a predator as powerful as a tiger wants to avoid risk of damage to itself.

Our method for avoiding risk is to have little exposure to tech.

However, Mr Komura on Tuesday said that his ministry would now study ways of avoiding this risk .

The duty in the law of negligence is not a duty to exercise reasonable care to avoid risk of causing injury.

A suitable form of wording could be devised to avoid the risk of inviting a flood of claims, spurious or genuine.

If so, now is a good time to remove the safety-tab from the cassette to avoid the risk of accidental erasure.

calculate

Odds ratios were calculated for the risk of fracture in the arthritic women.

Delegation truly involved interpersonal judgment, taking calculated risks on whom to trust.

It was a calculated risk , like all voyages into the unknown.

They tend to set moderately difficult goals for themselves and to take calculated risks . 3.

carry

These procedures carry the risk of introducing further infection into the biliary tree.

The possibility of such a mid-plate quake thus carries a much higher risk than one on a plate boundary.

Looking down carries the further risk of making him unaware of other dangers around him.

Williams cautioned that vigorous exercise can carry risks .

Most government agencies provide up to 90 percent cover, with the exporter carrying the balance of risk himself.

That, they knew, carried with it great risks early in the war.

Parent company guarantees Joining an overseas subsidiary, for example, carries potential risks .

It was a response that carried considerable risk .

eliminate

A few precautions are advisable to eliminate any risk that may exist in a domestic situation.

This will lower but not eliminate the risk of infection.

In any event, the new regulations can not eliminate the risk to taxi drivers.

Research will never eliminate risk , but it minimizes it.

For the bureaucracy itself, Marx noted how a Bonapartist regime virtually eliminated the risk of public scrutiny and criticism.

In contrast, the engineer's ambition is to control, to organise, to plan and to eliminate risks .

In modern portfolio theory this is defined as the extent to which the construction of the portfolio has eliminated non-market risk .

Nevertheless, it will eliminate the risk of misunderstanding if you and your employer discuss retirement specifically.

increase

Hypothesis Power lines, cancer and cyclotron resonance Living close to overhead power lines may increase the risk of cancer in humans.

Third, it would seriously increase the risk of default on our national debt.

However, installing a medium or large computer with pre-packaged software severely increases the risk .

For two decades, research has re-ported that anger is related to an increased risk of heart attack.

And going it alone in this kind of way increases the risks as well as limiting choice.

Controlling for the other variables, Thaler and Rosen found a clear systematic tendency for wage rates to rise with increasing risk .

Increasing risks and decreasing opportunities tend to be interrelated, of course: better protection and surveillance decrease opportunities by increasing perceived risks.

The study found two groups of patients that could be successfully treated for pneumonia as outpatients with no increased risk .

involve

Buyers who habitually purchase supplies from one supplier may recognise that change involves unwarranted risk .

Covert sensitization requires no special equipment, involves minimal risk to patients, and can easily be conducted on an outpatient basis.

This is known as trading in maturities, but, however, it does involve an element of risk for a bank.

Creativity inevitably involves taking risks , and, in Great Groups, it is understood that the risk taker will sometimes stumble.

However, the investment in all assets except for short-term government debt involves some degree of risk .

Staying will involve great risks , of which both the victim and the church should be aware.

Many sales situations involve risk to the buyer.

While sometimes it can lead to more control, it also involves great risk and therefore stress.

minimize

Systematic evaluation and forecasting can minimize risks but never eliminate them.

Victims tend to minimize the risk they are experiencing.

This caution obviously arises from the need to minimize the risk of long-term side-effects caused by seemingly innocent new substances.

No criticism attaches to the effort of the modern corporation to minimize risk .

Where possible, information on an issue was collected from several different respondents to minimize the risk of bias.

It tormented him to think that something might happen in his absence, and he made every effort to minimize the risks .

This organic staining method was chosen to minimize the risk of contamination by inorganic elements.

A risk management program means all programs to minimize extraordinarily hazardous accident risks.

pose

In its solid form it poses no great risk .

That poses a big risk for the Bells.

Under the convention, seals can only be killed if they pose a risk to fish or fishing equipment.

They blocked efficient economic combinations that posed no competitive risk to anyone, except the merging parties' slower-footed rivals.

Regulators say that although the erosion does not pose an immediate risk , they are concerned about its long-term safety implications.

In some areas of the park the vegetation is tinder dry and poses a real risk of a serious moorland fire.

Illiteracy poses greater military risks than this.

put

If your partner has not been faithful, then your partner is at risk which also puts you at risk.

They know that all that would be put at risk if there were the prospect of a Labour Government.

And that puts everyone at risk - not just yours truly.

The accused need not realise that he is putting some one at risk: Seymour.

The coal's importers deny they're putting miners jobs at risk .

They tell us that they only do dope occasionally, a factor that potentially puts them at greater risk .

putt

Not only was she putting herself at risk but also her family, by carrying home all sorts of germs.

Teenagers often consider themselves immortal, and these young people may be putting themselves at great risk .

They are putting lives at risk , and the ones who pay are us, here at the mercy of the government.

I wouldn't hesitate to tell an overweight, unfit man that he was putting his health at risk .

The accused need not realise that he is putting some one at risk: Seymour.

The coal's importers deny they're putting miners jobs at risk .

Misuse through ignorance can result in your getting lost, flying into controlled airspace, and putting other aircraft at risk .

reduce

We can even take charge of your entire logistics function, so you can redeploy assets, gain flexibility, reduce risk .

Pentagon officials say they have already had some success reducing the risk that nuclear materials will fall into the wrong hands.

Zoos have been advised by the Ministry of Agriculture to take steps to reduce the risk of infection.

Sluggish economic growth means interest rates will stay low amid tepid demand for loans and a reduced risk of accelerating inflation.

Indeed, the lower the blood pressure the better, because statistically it reduces the subsequent risks of stroke and heart attacks.

The women featured in the article are reducing their risk of chronic disease by exercising and by eating a balanced diet.

It is additional information that should not be neglected but used in a valid manner in the process of reducing overall risk .

Meanwhile, stretching and toning reduce the risk of injury by warming up the muscles while improving flexibility.

run

Knowledge of a risk does not equal consent to run that risk.

Up to now, the conventional wisdom has been that Clinton would run considerable risk by opposing the initiative.

A feeling that I had run a terrible risk and now everything was going to be all right.

Pitch your bid too high and you run the risk of driving your opponent away from the negotiating table.

To adopt too critical or enquiring a position at this stage would be to run the risk of alienation.

If you do, you run the risk of permanent blindness.

If a council crossed an upper threshold implied by them it ran the risk of being capped.

To do so would run the risk of compromising the most vulnerable part of the operation.

take

Once the sparring is over, both teams I feel will take risks .

He took uncommon risks , performed unlikely deeds.

You never minded taking a risk , and, of course, that's what it is.

Who would drive us there and how could we possibly pay some one enough to take such a risk ?

Without taking this risk , the potential for our prophetic communication role to fall into the abyss of irrelevance is very great.

The authors' advice: Keep your goal and needs in sight, think fast and be prepared to take risks .

Dalton seems willing to take greater risks .

They took a risk , gambled with their reputations.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

a calculated risk/gamble

Investing in high-tech companies is a calculated risk.

But it is a calculated risk.

He just took a calculated risk on the spur of the moment.

Injured Stephen Pears, who took a calculated gamble with a cheekbone injury, was never tested in goal.

It was a calculated risk to take a man without forensic experience, but we were looking for a manager primarily.

It was a calculated risk, like all voyages into the unknown.

These high-handed tactics were obviously risky, but they were a calculated risk.

element of surprise/truth/risk/doubt etc

I like the element of risk.

If Weaver had been watching as Liz Spalding had been smuggled into the house, then the element of surprise was lost.

It contains a major element of truth, even if it is not precisely the truth which its originators intended.

The element of risk gave it an added excitement.

There is an element of truth in all of these.

There were elements of truth in this critique, Jim supposed.

Web browsers, once limited to displaying text and graphics and downloading files, have created an entirely new element of risk.

What I do is count on the element of surprise.

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

A lot of children start smoking without realizing what the risks are.

Clean the wound thoroughly to reduce the risk of infection.

Drivers often break the speed limit, and there's little risk of getting caught.

How much risk is there with this kind of operation?

It is possible to get malaria in this area, but the risk is pretty low.

Many of these beaches are not clean, and they carry a high risk of viral infection for swimmers.

Nothing worthwhile is accomplished without risk or danger.

People continue to smoke, despite knowing the risks of heart disease or cancer.

The disease affects cats but there is no risk to humans.

There are a lot of risks involved when you start your own business.

There is a high risk of injury in contact sports such as rugby.

We can't ignore the risk that fighting could spread throughout the region.

Wearing a seatbelt can reduce the risk of serious injury.

What exactly is the risk of an ordinary aircraft crashing?

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

A high-technology firm, for example, faces a great deal more business risk than does an electric utility.

Among middle-class women, early marriage played a similar role in increasing risk of depression.

For high risk junctions increasing exemplar risk is associated with an increase in the amount of information described.

Mantel-Haenszel weights were used for summary risk ratio estimates.

Similarly, they share the risks and the profits or losses which may accrue to them.

The increased risk for acute lymphoid leukemia alone was 43 %, the researchers said.

The whole point is adventure and calculated risk taking.

Trading Bonds for a pitcher is an unacceptable risk because pitchers break down so frequently.

II. verb

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ NOUN

glance

When there was no answer she risked a glance .

But as she walked off I risked a glance at Alan.

She risked a glance back over her shoulder.

Karen risked a glance over the balcony wall.

The next time Anna had to scramble after the ball, she risked a glance at mummy.

Belinda risked a cautious glance at him, but met only an unreadable profile.

Masklin risked a glance at Grandson Richard's face.

Isabel flattened herself, only risking a glance over her shoulder when she felt Guy's weight lift off her.

job

People could not be expected to risk their jobs for a colleague.

Young clerks in the law office that he cleaned risked their jobs by teaching the attractive child to read and write.

But don't blame yourself - you couldn't have been expected to warn me and risk your own job .

life

They risk their lives to do so.

With the one the bird is risking its life , with the other only a meal.

There are movements afoot at every hour of every day, there are men and women risking their lives .

They risked their lives and signed petitions even in the most repressive states.

Every time a lifeboatman puts to sea, he risks his life .

Don McCullin says that when he was young he thought it exciting and glamorous to risk his life .

Wilson risked his life that night and came in through the back.

limb

Villeneuve, who had collided with Ralf Schumacher, gets paid £10MILLION for risking life and limb in Formula One.

money

We know we've got a superb quality product that's why we're happy to risk our money to prove it.

A wealthy partner risks money on the prudence of less affluent partners.

An audience increasingly unwilling to risk its money on new and unknown foreign film-makers also takes its toll.

neck

It is years since I risked my neck .

On another occasion Moore, notoriously edgy about risking his neck , had to film with crocodiles in the Everglades.

With prize money declining, he laments that most of the time jump jockeys risk their necks for £150.

wrath

The local shop girls never risked her wrath .

He decided to risk the wrath of the hospital authorities.

Mrs Gore even risked the wrath of the record industry by campaigning to have warning labels put on particularly offensive records.

I will not risk Penumbra's wrath .

■ VERB

decide

He decided to risk the wrath of the hospital authorities.

She decided to risk going out; she would soon be too weak to move.

The advisers decided they couldn't risk it.

The Owens must now decide whether to risk further expense by appealing.

want

Nobody wanted to risk losing that interview.

Perhaps I did not want to risk losing this special relationship we shared.

Maurice probably didn't want to risk her objecting to the surrender of Tristram's letters.

Lewis said deputies did not want to risk injuring the protesters by using grinders to cut through their metal sleeves.

Was that because Theo didn't want to risk his precious name in the Paris art world?

No one wanted to risk being shot in a fast-draw duel.

I suppose they didn't want to risk him bringing it up first.

Both sides had what they wanted , and neither wanted to risk large casualties to seize what the other had.

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

Companies cannot risk losing customers through computer problems.

He risked a cautious glance over the wall, and saw a group of guards standing by the gate.

He had risked his own health to help the sick during the epidemic.

I decided to risk looking for a place to stay when I got there, rather than booking in advance.

I don't want to risk offending your parents.

Many refugees risk death or arrest in their attempts to flee persecution.

Road conditions were supposed to be pretty bad, but we decided to risk it.

The Carnegie Hero awards are given to those who risk their lives to save others.

The university has already cut its budget as much as possible without risking its quality and reputation.

They had risked death in order to get their families to America.

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

For example, committing to clear performance objectives risks both clear success and clear failure.

He was still too attached to his national status to risk it by appearing partisan.

It was refreshing to hear publishers and booksellers risking offending each other.

Once he started wandering aimlessly, a trainee risked disturbing the gods at play.

One thing you never did was correct Nivea and risk being called a young miss-know-it-all.

They risk arrest but have the support of some Civil Guards.

You also see them risking accident and injury in car lanes, weaving in and out of traffic.

Longman DOCE5 Extras English vocabulary.      Дополнительный английский словарь Longman DOCE5.