I. adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a rough calculation (= not very detailed or exact )
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I made a few rough calculations of how much it would cost.
a rough count (= not exact )
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I made a rough count of the houses in the street.
a rough draft (= not the finished form )
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Could you let me see a rough draft of your report?
a rough guess (= one that is not exact )
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This is just a rough guess, but I think it would cost about $50.
a rough outline (= one that has no details and that might change )
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Thompson gave me a rough outline of what had happened at the previous meeting.
a rough/approximate estimate (= not exact )
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Can you give me a rough estimate of how much the repairs will cost?
a rough/crude approximation (= one that is not very exact )
▪
Could you give us a rough approximation of the cost?
a rough/free translation (= one that is not very exact )
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It’s a rough translation but I think the meaning is clear.
an approximate/rough figure
▪
He gave us an approximate figure for the cost of the repairs.
diamond in the rough
hard/rough/slow etc going
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I’m getting the work done, but it’s slow going.
live rough British English (= live outside because of having no home )
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I ran away from home and lived rough for nine months.
rough and tumble
▪
the rough and tumble of public life
rough country (= difficult to travel over )
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a vehicle especially designed for rough country
rough diamond
rough guide
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The figures are only a rough guide .
rough paper
rough sketch
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Cantor drew a rough sketch of his apartment on a napkin.
rough (= with big waves )
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The sea was too rough to swim in.
rough (= not smooth or soft )
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The skin on his hands was rough and dry.
rough
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I reached out and touched the rough surface of the stone wall.
rough
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She felt the rough texture of his beard against her cheek.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
approximation
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For a long time, this was sufficient justification for Friedmann's assumption - as a rough approximation to the real universe.
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But as a very rough approximation , avoiding pain and courting pleasure is indeed the way we act.
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Neither could these illustrations just be rough approximations of the finished articles.
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However, by making some assumptions, a rough approximation of public expenditure saving can be reached.
cut
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Down on the bottom floor the timber for Yamaha's ever-increasing range of electric guitars is rough cut and then smooth finished.
day
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For quite a lot of people the last day of October was going to be a very rough day indeed.
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It is easy to forget exactly how much allowance should be made for the wind and other factors on a rough day .
diamond
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Keep your rough diamonds , your kaleidoscope, your mission, your connectors and your propaganda peddler-routing revolution.
draft
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Could it really be the first rough draft of a Euro-constitution?
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Tanedo works individually with students, helping them brainstorm and write rough drafts .
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She cobbled together a rough draft and then rewrote it, trying to remove the more ostentatious signs of plagiarism.
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For a while the conditions are so propitious that by spring break I have a rough draft of my book.
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One approach to the hypertext-to-text coherence problem is a labor-intensive one and treats the hypertext form as a rough draft .
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He kept a journal now, one filled with assignments from Speech and Psychology and Math and various rough drafts for me.
edge
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Although he sometimes rounded the rough edges off the truth, he remained an amusing raconteur and lively company.
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They were the pioneers willing to accept the rough edges of life on the technological frontier.
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Unpredictable, emotional and alive, it is, in keeping with the area, soul with the rough edges intact.
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But the Florentine School had not polished away her rough edges .
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Too much pressure, and you get a rough edge .
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He managed to smooth away his rougher edges .
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As with Brian, and I hope myself, Terry worked on these areas to try and even off the rough edges .
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Early rough edges refined in the studio and the power never drags.
estimate
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Calculate a rough estimate of interest at 1 percent per month.
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One in 5,000 is a rough estimate .
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You should be able to give a rough estimate of how much work each stage of the case is likely to entail.
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As a rough estimate , the average number of records required per title is 5.
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A rough estimate of the current amount of housebuilding in towns of over 50,000 population is around 15 percent.
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It seems worthwhile to attempt such a semi-quantitative approach if only to give rough estimates of the parameters involved.
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At a rough estimate 50 percent can write a few words, 50 percent can not.
grass
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Now they were stumbling into the front row of people, on to rough grass .
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Dougal stepped softly over the rough grass towards the gazebo.
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The road, which was narrow, was separated from a low cliff by a stretch of rough grass .
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Chill softness brushed his back as he slid into the rough grass .
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Good for utility lawns and keeping rough grass under control.
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I thrust into rough grass and smoothly penetrated your loamy depths.
grazing
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In the past, waste was not useless, but provided fuel, building materials and industrial materials, as well as rough grazing .
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She had needed nothing but some rough grazing , a few wells and the hospitality of the bedu to get her across.
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High percentage of farm land or all land in permanent pasture made up of rough grazing .
ground
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Felipe de Santis sat at the wheel, his eyes dark and irritated as he approached at speed over the rough ground .
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I was nervous about hitting the tail rotor on the rough ground .
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Picking her way over the rough ground and through the hazards, she gained the kitchen entrance.
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Handling a long-wheelbase Land-Rover with its trailer over rough ground is an art that needs plenty of practice.
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It is important to dress comfortably, with shoes that are suitable for walking over fairly rough ground .
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Then they were driving over rough ground , loose stones popping under the tyres.
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The specimen is believed to be a rough ground record for the south west.
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This helps to prevent the glider from bouncing on any rough ground .
guess
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At the side put down a rough guess of the cost that might be involved.
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At a rough guess , Pierremont Gardens today stands where the real gardens of Pierremont used to be.
guide
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We assume to start with that the weighted patterns provide a rough guide to playing the game.
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Charges differ throughout the country but 40p per cubic metre is a rough guide .
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However, as a rough guide , it feels slightly more Gibson-like than it does Fenderish, if that helps.
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Although individuals vary a great deal, a very rough guide is that the liver removes one unit of alcohol each hour.
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The latter is calibrated in centimetres, but most people will probably only use the rod as a rough guide .
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As a rough guide , first scrub or wash, peel and slice them.
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Charts, then, are only a rough guide to ideal weight.
hand
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Joe stared down at the large, rough hand gently rubbing against him.
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Looking down, she saw an oilcloth suit and rough hands .
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His rough hand had dirt under the nails.
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She felt his big rough hand running along her body outside her new dress.
idea
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And to give a rough idea of where the group makes its money, she cited breakdown of turnover by geographic area.
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This chart, from an Intelrun benchmark called Spec95, gives a rough idea of how the two chip families stack up.
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This comment depends upon having some rough idea what would count as racial discrimination.
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I had a rough idea from the photograph where the site was, but on the ground everything looked different.
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His wife gave me a rough idea of what their insurance situation was.
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Now you have a rough idea of your foot type, what do you look for?
justice
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For that he was put to death and there was, in one respect, a rough justice about it.
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So there was rough justice in the world.
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On the other hand this meted out only a very rough justice to owners.
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Exiled by Bolcarro to that judicial Siberia, Judge Lyttle applied his own rough justice .
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Here rappers become vigilantes or revolutionaries: machines for dispensing rough justice or revenge.
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Perhaps this was rough justice for my having ridden that one mile on the workmen's lorry on the sixth day.
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But the appetite for rough justice which the gun-toting sheriff satisfied does not easily go away.
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As it happens, there'd be a certain rough justice if I got a wage from it.
night
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Sounds as if he had a rough night trying to keep pace with his hosts, poor fellow!
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They had a rough night last night.
outline
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I have not been able to do more than suggest the rough outline of this approach.
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As the rough outlines of other cult members' lives began to take shape, I recognized them, too.
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We started the first rough outline of a scenario.
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So in the rest of this introductory chapter I will give a rough outline of all that we did, and why.
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So, if you can, plan ahead in rough outline .
paper
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I'd say you're looking for a business where they have a heavy demand for rough paper .
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On rough paper , cliches and clumsy constructions are allowed and then debated.
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Cheap envelopes of rough paper , one blue, one greeny-grey.
passage
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To get there would be a rough passage , and the return tortuous.
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It was like coming to harbour after a rough passage - with an armful of comfort to hand.
pasture
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For years he had refused, as it would have upset his hens in their rough pasture .
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At the moment it looks more like a bit of rough pasture ... full of dandelions and clover patches.
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The separation is at its most apparent in the summer, when the males feed on rougher pastures higher up the mountain.
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The changes were largely at the expense of moorland, heath and rough pasture .
patch
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She had been a major influence in my life, and helped me through the rough patches .
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The Royal Family is certainly going through a rough patch .
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It fills in rough patches on the cuticle and give a light-reflecting finish.
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When the company I work for went through a rough patch , there were no pay rises for two years.
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My boyfriend and I were going through a very rough patch at the time.
play
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That was also rough play and he should have been punished sternly.
ride
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Goodwin's letter was given a predictably rough ride by the liberationist press.
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But history says Bill Clinton may be in for a rough ride .
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Well, it's turned out not so badly, he thought, although it's been a rough ride .
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Even after the Renaissance and the rebirth of learning had reached these shores ears were still having a rough ride .
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He felt cold, his arms and legs aching from the rough ride of the previous day.
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He cheered Tory backbenchers, but they predicted that the Chancellor could also face a rough ride unless the plan works.
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Any member on a committee to which Karl Barth belonged had a rough ride .
road
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It's far from fast and there is some body shake over very rough roads .
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We drove for a few miles on the main road to Perth, and then turned on to a smaller, rougher road.
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From the chapel follow the rough road east, then north.
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The information highway is a rough road at best.
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The roughest road they will likely encounter is a parking lot studded with speed bumps.
sea
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Unfortunately, the London's pilot was fatally wounded, but his co-pilot managed to alight in a very rough sea .
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The equity department weathered not only rough seas but rejection as well.
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A free country in a free world is always at risk from high winds and rough seas .
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He sat at an ordinary table, to which the plates were clipped, as aboard ship in a rough sea .
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But the yacht would be a pounding hell if caught out in a rough sea .
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Sebastian Cermeno, went down in rough seas in 1595, along with at least seven sailors.
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It took a bishop called Wilfred, who was driven on to the Sussex coast by rough seas , to make the breakthrough.
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Dawn revealed that the rough seas had once again snapped the hogging trusses which sagged pitifully on each side of the raft.
sketch
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Also, try to make a very rough sketch of the rooms on each floor.
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Make a rough sketch of a parachute on the board.
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Draw a rough sketch and then translate them all in a permanent fashion to the wall.
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Cantor picked up his paper napkin and drew a rough sketch of a cell membrane.
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She sighed again and sorted through the rough sketches .
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Yoyo studied the rough sketch a moment.
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I enclose details of how to find the school and a rough sketch map showing the route from the A6.
spot
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Remember when Wilkinson hit that rough spot in the board meeting?
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Lewis talks to her, fills in the rough spots .
stone
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Then he lifted his other foot from the ground and set it firmly on the rough stone surface too.
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There are rough stone floors everywhere.
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Huge rough stones stood on the hard ground.
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There were no walls, just rough stones the size of dinner-plates marking each grave.
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It's impossible! she exclaimed to herself, getting up and leaning on the rough stone windowsill.
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Clapper or rough stone bridges are also a familiar part of the Dartmoor scenery.
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They pulled themselves to the top of the wall, sat there on the rough stone , shivering.
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She watched him clatter over the rough stones and station himself in the shadows beside the entrance.
stuff
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There's no rough stuff from the police - nothing you could file a complaint about - just an unexpected public display.
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I wait for the rough stuff .
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I nursed my damaged finger, and showed it to anyone who wanted me to join in the rough stuff .
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A great route, but strictly for lovers of full body contact and a bit of the rough stuff .
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A spot of rough stuff in the night; that's all they expected.
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But she might still be a hindrance when it came to the rough stuff .
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It should out-point them on the rough stuff , too, for the Range Rover is still king of the wild frontiers.
surface
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She stumbled on the rough surface and Roman slid his arm round her waist, holding her against him.
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I ran my tongue over its rough surface and felt its salty effervescence.
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The fabric may be textured to give it a rougher surface , resembling canvas.
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When reflected from a rough surface , singly and doubly reflected waves intermingle, and the signal is depolarized.
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You can ring the changes by exposing the aggregate and creating a rough surface texture if you find a smooth finish uninspiring.
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Between our mangled bodies and the rough surface of the board floor there was a thin rubber blanket.
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You can verify that for yourself by running your fingertips ova a slightly rough surface and then stopping.
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Coat each hair with a fine translucent film which smooths down the rough surface &038; seals the hair to prevent moisture loss.
terrain
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It's a new mobility aid designed to help blind people cover rough terrain .
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Otis flew over the column, dropping flares to help the nearly blind tanks and APCs navigate the rough terrain .
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The three person team was the first to cover 30 miles of rough terrain over two days.
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Specially out-fitted bulldozers, called Rome Plows, also flattened huge areas of rough terrain .
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So the question of her taking a five-mile hike across what in parts was sometimes rough terrain would never have occurred.
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Several times, sweeps through rough terrain , which had previously yielded nothing, resulted in the discovery of enemy units.
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At the top of the rise, in rougher terrain , the scenery improves dramatically as Gruinard Bay is suddenly revealed ahead.
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Off road means parkland and rough terrain .
texture
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I used the smoother side of the paper as I find a definite, rough texture rather intrusive.
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The heel of one of them might massage his arm or the rough texture of his cheek.
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The hairs have overlapping scales, which gives them a rough texture and increases the friction between goat and snow.
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The rough texture of the coat helps to protect it in undergrowth.
time
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This type of loving commitment can bring a marriage through the rough times and into full blossom again.
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She tries to recall the good memories to help smooth out the rough times .
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We're in for a rough time , Marcus.
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We were having a rough time just trying to pay the printer.
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You've been through rough times .
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She is having a rough time , too.
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The teachers gave me a rough time for a couple of years because my student and acting image didn't fit.
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After that, however, the law may have a rougher time .
track
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Situated on a high plain, behind Rennes-le-Chateau, La Valdieu was at the end of a very rough track .
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Once just a rough track , it is now passable and marked by little yellow arrows to show people the right direction.
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People would send cars up that rough track to Low Birk Hatt to make sure I travelled in style.
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Carry straight on up a rough track - this is the Minchmoor Road.
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Xerxes sent the Immortals, whose march-discipline on rough tracks in the dark might be equal to the task.
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After ¼ mile, at farm, continue uphill on obvious rough track to left of farm.
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Turn right and continue until you reach the buildings of Dykeheads and then take the rough track to the left.
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The car was closer, bumping heavily over the rough track .
treatment
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Especially with the rough treatment it was being subjected to.
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Pushchairs should be lightweight and compact, easy to fold and capable of withstanding rough treatment .
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The lock was not designed for rough treatment .
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Vinyl wallcoverings are always practical in halls since they will withstand all sorts of rough treatment .
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Ricardo Weibel was seized and brought to the base for 12 days of rough treatment , before being released and sent home.
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For all the rough treatment meted out to houses in institutional use, many retain remarkably fine interiors.
weather
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Our next reaction was fear that the invasion would not succeed because of the unusually rough weather .
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But this is no lagoon, and rough weather still has its effect.
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Prevents wet feet when working on the foredeck or on the lee rail in rough weather .
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Some doubted its ability to withstand rough weather .
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Fortunately, because they are diving birds, temporary submergence in rough weather is not going to trouble them.
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There was therefore an understandable reluctance to undertake regularly long voyages to windward in rough weather .
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We generally sleep right through the early morning if it's rough weather .
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We have suffered too much rough weather over the last few years to fall victim now to storms in the Cabinet.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a bad/difficult/sticky/rough patch
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Even when they knew he was going through a bad patch they would continue to deliver dangerous back-passes to him.
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Every team goes through a bad patch .
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Evode has gone through a sticky patch .
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Having hit a bad patch , financially, I decided I must try for some paid work with my knitting machine.
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Ruefully, she recalled her pleasure at the way the book, after a difficult patch , had begun to develop.
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Sometimes I am a real power pack of efficiency; then I hit a bad patch .
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Talk about hitting a bad patch .
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The Royal Family is certainly going through a rough patch .
a bit of rough
▪
At the moment it looks more like a bit of rough pasture ... full of dandelions and clover patches.
a rough/easy ride
▪
Any member on a committee to which Karl Barth belonged had a rough ride .
▪
But history says Bill Clinton may be in for a rough ride .
▪
Even after the Renaissance and the rebirth of learning had reached these shores ears were still having a rough ride .
▪
He cheered Tory backbenchers, but they predicted that the Chancellor could also face a rough ride unless the plan works.
▪
Well, it's turned out not so badly, he thought, although it's been a rough ride .
cut up rough
▪
But he can cut up rough and turn a bit nasty if he's got a mind to.
sleep rough
▪
A chap who had slept rough for more than 20 years was invited to offer ideas on how it should be run.
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And he's often had to sleep rough.
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As a result we have seen a sharp fall in the numbers who sleep rough on our streets.
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How long he'd been sleeping rough no one could tell.
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Many people in neighbouring buildings were also hurt as were a number of beggars sleeping rough on the pavement.
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Now it's in urgent need of blankets to lend to those forced to sleep rough.
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Others are left to wander or sleep rough.
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She lost precious belongings in her days of sleeping rough.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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"What are you doing in here?'' shouted the farmer in a rough voice.
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rough mountain paths
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A rough gravel trail was the only way into town.
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Football's a rough sport.
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Fran was shaking her urgently, his voice rough with concern.
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Give us a rough idea of what you're trying to do.
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He fell, cutting his forehead on the rough edge of a rock.
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He gave us a rough outline of the course.
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Hessian cloth provides a rough homespun texture that was popular in the 1950s.
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His hands were big and rough .
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I'd say that the whole thing would cost you around $1000, but that's just a rough estimate.
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I've got a rough estimate here of what it might cost.
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I've had a rough day.
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I have not been able to do more than suggest the rough outline of this approach.
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It's just a rough draft, but I'd like you to read it and tell me what you think.
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It was a rough crossing and most of the passengers were seasick.
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Max grew up in a particularly rough part of Brooklyn.
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Photographs show the rough surface of the moon.
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Prices shown are only a rough guideline.
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She had a rough idea of where Harry lived, but she didn't know the exact street.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
A rough hut, breadfruit, bananas, no one to talk to.
▪
Armagnac, rather like SuperBrat, is appealing because of its rough edges, its unpredictability.
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Here you meet the Garburn Road, a rough trackway which crosses over the pass.
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It is rough , he says, very bad.
▪
Most of the activities are routed through woodland and as some of the pathways can be rough outdoor footwear is recommended.
▪
The commonest are rough spar or aggregate finishes, and imitation brick and stonework; all can be painted if required.
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The stone scraped her legs, was rough against her hands.
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We were having a rough time just trying to pay the printer.
II. noun
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪
friction caused by the roughness of the road surface
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
Both are talented campaigners who are expert at mixing the rough and the smooth.
▪
His tee shot ended up in the rough and from there he could only slash the ball 50 yards over the green.
▪
Particularly helpful is the ability to produce slick roughs, illustrating an idea or a copy line.
▪
The roughs are weeded out until only the best remain.
III. verb
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a bad/difficult/sticky/rough patch
▪
Even when they knew he was going through a bad patch they would continue to deliver dangerous back-passes to him.
▪
Every team goes through a bad patch .
▪
Evode has gone through a sticky patch .
▪
Having hit a bad patch , financially, I decided I must try for some paid work with my knitting machine.
▪
Ruefully, she recalled her pleasure at the way the book, after a difficult patch , had begun to develop.
▪
Sometimes I am a real power pack of efficiency; then I hit a bad patch .
▪
Talk about hitting a bad patch .
▪
The Royal Family is certainly going through a rough patch .
a bit of rough
▪
At the moment it looks more like a bit of rough pasture ... full of dandelions and clover patches.
a rough/easy ride
▪
Any member on a committee to which Karl Barth belonged had a rough ride .
▪
But history says Bill Clinton may be in for a rough ride .
▪
Even after the Renaissance and the rebirth of learning had reached these shores ears were still having a rough ride .
▪
He cheered Tory backbenchers, but they predicted that the Chancellor could also face a rough ride unless the plan works.
▪
Well, it's turned out not so badly, he thought, although it's been a rough ride .
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
A television reporter was roughed up.
▪
As soon as they left, the agents went after them and roughed them up.
▪
By this time, Zigo had roughed up Flinn a bit, and she was afraid of him.
▪
Get Jim Bullinger past the first inning without getting too roughed up, and the Chicago Cubs pitcher is tough to beat.
▪
On the next play, Cal was flagged for roughing the passer.
▪
The rest of the animals had been roughed off and turned away in a distant paddock.
▪
Where they roughed out the areas they could cover, and possible sources of material.
IV. adverb
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪
"Well, what are you waiting for? Get a move on!'' said the guard roughly.
▪
A man on the subway grabbed her roughly, asking for money.
▪
Write your experiment in rough then read it through carefully before finalizing it.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
And even when the tires went flat or the road grew rough , we loved every minute of the journey.