I.
noun
1 change that is caused by sth
ADJECTIVE
▪ decisive , dramatic , far-reaching , important , marked , powerful , profound , pronounced , significant , strong
▪ marginal , minimal , modest , negligible
▪ main , major , principal
▪ full
▪
The full ~s of the new tax have not yet been felt.
▪ no apparent , no appreciable , no detectable , no discernible , no measurable , no noticeable , no visible
▪
The drug was devoid of any apparent ~.
▪
There was no discernible ~ on cell growth.
▪ likely , possible , potential , predictable , probable
▪ subtle
▪ disproportionate
▪ residual
▪ adverse , catastrophic , crippling , damaging , debilitating , deleterious , destructive , detrimental , devastating , disastrous , harmful , ill , negative , serious , traumatic , undesirable , unfortunate
▪
the crippling ~ of sanctions on the economy
▪
He didn't seem to have suffered any ill ~s from his fall.
▪ chilling
▪
It's a policy that will have a chilling ~ on free speech.
▪ destabilizing , stabilizing
▪ the opposite
▪
His comment was intended to calm the situation but it had the opposite ~.
▪ unintended
▪ beneficial , positive , salutary
▪ the desired
▪
We had problems with mosquitoes, but this spray had the desired ~.
▪ moderating ( esp. AmE )
▪ magical , remarkable
▪
Giving up smoking had a magical ~ on his stamina.
▪ immediate
▪ direct , indirect
▪ short-term
▪ lasting , long-term , permanent
▪ domino , knock-on , ripple , spillover ( esp. AmE ), trickle-down
▪
Any delay in delivery of materials will have a knock-on ~ throughout the production process.
(see also side effect )
▪ practical
▪ aggregate , combined , cumulative , net , overall
▪ deterrent
▪
The deterrent ~ of the death penalty has long been questioned.
▪ inhibitory
▪
The drug has well-documented inhibitory ~s on sexual function.
▪ calming , hypnotic , sedative , soothing , soporific
▪ therapeutic
▪ protective
▪ placebo
▪ toxic
▪ inflationary
▪ corrosive
▪ greenhouse
▪
policies to reduce emissions of gases which cause the greenhouse ~
VERB + EFFECT
▪ bring about , exert , have , produce
▪
The drug exerts a powerful ~ on the brain.
▪ take
▪
The medicine started to take ~ after a few minutes.
▪ experience , feel , suffer , suffer from
▪
Women feel the ~s of alcohol more quickly than men.
▪ recover from
▪ note , observe
▪ detect
▪ demonstrate , exhibit , illustrate , reveal , show
▪ analyse/analyze , assess , determine , estimate , evaluate , examine , explore , investigate , measure , monitor , quantify , study , test
▪ document
▪
I am interested in documenting the ~s of international events on ordinary people.
▪ compare
▪ blunt , buffer ( esp. AmE ), cushion , diminish , lessen , limit , minimize , mitigate , reduce , soften
▪
to minimize the ~s of economic change
▪ ameliorate
▪ cancel out , eliminate , negate , nullify
▪ counter , counteract , counterbalance , moderate , neutralize , offset
▪ block , combat , suppress
▪
a face cream designed to combat the ~s of age
▪ overcome
▪ reverse
▪ amplify , compound , enhance , exacerbate , magnify , maximize
▪ mimic , simulate
▪
drugs which mimic the ~s of hormones
▪ avoid
▪ aim at
▪
That is precisely the ~ I was aiming at.
▪ be worried about , fear
▪ overestimate , underestimate
▪ ignore , neglect
▪ predict
▪ describe , explain
EFFECT + VERB
▪ exist , occur
▪ spread
▪ last
▪ arise from sth , result from sth
▪
the serious health ~s which result from obesity
▪ disappear , wear off
▪
How soon will the ~s of the drug wear off?
▪ differ , vary
PREPOSITION
▪ in ~
▪
The border closure meant, in ~, that no trade took place between the countries.
▪ to this ~ , to that ~
▪
They told us to go away, or words to that ~.
▪ with … ~
▪
The plague struck again with devastating ~.
▪ ~ on , ~ upon
▪
The dry weather had an adverse ~ on the potato crops.
PHRASES
▪ cause and ~
▪
key historical concepts such as cause and ~
▪ to little ~ , to no ~
▪
The air conditioning came on, to little ~.
2 use of an official rule, plan, etc.
ADJECTIVE
▪ immediate
VERB + EFFECT
▪ come into
▪
The new regulations come into ~ next month.
▪ bring sth into , put sth into
▪
The recommendations will soon be put into ~.
PREPOSITION
▪ in ~
▪
Some laws from the 18th century are still in ~.
▪ with ~
▪
The bank has cut interest rates with immediate ~.
3 impression that a speaker, book, performance, etc. gives
ADJECTIVE
▪ dramatic , startling , striking , stunning
▪ maximum , optimum
▪ the desired
▪
I found that by adding white I could achieve the desired ~.
▪ overall
▪
The overall ~ of the painting is overwhelming.
VERB + EFFECT
▪ give (sth) , have
▪
The stage lighting gives the ~ of a moonlit scene.
▪ achieve , create
▪ enhance , heighten
▪
The dramatic ~ was heightened by her black dress and dead white face.
▪ spoil
PREPOSITION
▪ for … ~
▪
‘You know why I'm here?’ Doug paused for maximum ~.
▪ to … ~
▪
She uses animal sounds to startling ~ in her music.
4 techniques used when making sth
ADJECTIVE
▪ special
▪ cinematic
▪ audio , sound
▪ optical , visual
▪ lighting
▪ elaborate
▪ digital
II.
verb
Effect is used with these nouns as the object: ↑ change , ↑ cure , ↑ improvement , ↑ reconciliation , ↑ transfer , ↑ transformation