noun
: a participle that typically expresses completed action, that is traditionally one of the principal parts of the verb, and that is traditionally used in English in the formation of perfect tenses in the active voice and of all tenses in the passive voice and has a perfect active meaning when the verb sense is intransitive (as arrived in “the ship, arrived at last, signals for a tug”) and usually a passive meaning when the verb sense is transitive (as buffeted in “the ship, buffeted by waves, comes shoreward”) and with participial auxiliaries may take a present passive form (as in being written ), a perfect active form (as in having written ), or a perfect passive form (as in having been written ) — called also perfect participle