Application of engineering principles and techniques of scientific management to the maintenance of high levels of productivity at optimum cost in industrial enterprises.
Frederick W. Taylor pioneered in the scientific measurement of work, and Frank (18681924) and Lillian (18781972) Gilbreth refined it with time-and-motion studies . As a result, production processes were simplified, enabling workers to increase production. The industrial engineer selects tools and materials for production that are most efficient and least costly to the company. The engineer may also determine the sequence of production and the design of plant facilities or factories. See also ergonomics .