orig. Hiram Ulysses Grant
born April 27, 1822, Point Pleasant, Ohio, U.S.
died July 23, 1885, Mount McGregor, N.Y.
U.S. general and 18th president of the U.S. (1869–77).
He served in the Mexican War (1846–48) under American Civil War began (1861), he was appointed brigadier general; his 1862 attack on Fort Donelson, Tenn., produced the first major Union victory. He drove off a Confederate attack at Shiloh but was criticized for heavy Union losses. He devised the campaign to take the stronghold of Vicksburg , Miss., in 1863, cutting the Confederacy in half from east to west. Following his victory at the Battle of Chattanooga in 1864, he was appointed commander of the Union army. While Gen. William T. Sherman made his famous march across Georgia, Grant attacked forces under Gen. Robert E. Lee in Virginia, bringing the war to an end in 1865. Grant's administrative ability and innovative strategies were largely responsible for the Union victory. In 1868 his successful Republican presidential campaign made him, at 46, the youngest man yet elected president. His two terms were marred by administrative inaction and political scandal involving members of his cabinet, including the Crédit Mobilier scandal and the Whiskey Ring conspiracy. He was more successful in foreign affairs, where he was aided by his secretary of state, {{link=Fish, Hamilton">Hamilton Fish . He supported amnesty for Confederate leaders and protection for the civil rights of former slaves. His veto of a bill to increase the amount of legal tender (1874) diminished the currency crisis during the next 25 years. In 1881 he moved to New York City; when a partner defrauded an investment firm co-owned by his son, the family was impoverished. His memoirs were published by his friend Mark Twain .
Ulysses S. Grant.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.