AMADO, JORGE

born Aug. 10, 1912, Ferradas, near Ilhus, Brazil novelist whose stories of life in the Brazilian northeast won international acclaim. Amado grew up on a cacao plantation, Auricdia, and was educated at the Jesuit college in Salvador and studied law at Federal University in Rio de Janeiro. He published his first novel at the age of 20. Three of his early works deal with the cacao plantations, emphasizing the exploitation and the misery of the migrant blacks, mulattoes, and poor whites who pick the beans and generally expressing communist solutions to social problems. The best of these, Terras do sem fim (1942; The Violent Land), about the struggle of rival planters, has the primitive grandeur of a folk saga. Amado became a journalist in 1930, and his literary career paralleled a career in radical politics that won him election to the Constituent Assembly as a federal deputy representing the Communist Party of Brazil in 1946. He was imprisoned as early as 1935 and periodically exiled for his leftist activities, and many of his books were banned in Brazil and Portugal. He continued to produce novels with facility, most of them picaresque, ribald tales of Bahian city life, especially that of the racially conglomerate lower classes. Gabriela, cravo e canela (1958; Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon) and Dona Flor e seus dois maridos (1966; Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands; film, 1978) both preserve Amado's political attitude in their satire. His later works include Tenda dos milagres (1969; Tent of Miracles), Tita do agreste (1977; Tieta, the Goat Girl), Tocaia grande (1984; Show Down), and O Sumio da santa (1993; The War of the Saints). Additional reading Fred P. Ellison, Brazil's New Novel: Four Northeastern Masters (1954; reprinted 1979); Bobby J. Chamberlain, Jorge Amado (1990).