BAMBERG

county, south-central South Carolina, U.S. Bordered to the northeast by the South Fork Edisto River and to the southwest by the Salkehatchie River, it is also drained by the Little Salkehatchie River. The county is largely agricultural, with wetlands in the Coastal Plain. The Cathedral Bay Heritage Preserve, a Carolina bay (isolated swampy area), is located there. During the American Civil War the area was in the path of the Union army's sweep, led by General William Tecumseh Sherman, from Savannah, Georgia, to Columbia, South Carolina. Rivers Bridge State Park commemorates the site where a Confederate artillery emplacement temporarily halted Union forces. Bamberg county was formed in 1897 and named for a family of early settlers. The town of Bamberg is the county seat. Denmark, the other large town, is the site of Denmark Technical College (founded 1948) and Voorhees College (1897). The county's farm produce is varied, including livestock, milk, watermelons, grains, and soybeans. Textiles, vehicle parts, and fabricated metal products are its chief manufactures. Area 393 square miles (1,019 square km). Pop. (1990) 16,902; (1998 est.) 16,498. city, Bavaria Land (state), south-central Germany. It lies along the canalized Regnitz River, 2 miles (3 km) above the latter's confluence with the Main, north of Nrnberg. First mentioned in 902 as the seat of the ancestral castle of the Babenberg family, Bamberg became the seat of a bishopric founded there by the Holy Roman emperor Henry II in 1007; the bishops became princes of the empire in the mid-13th century. In 1459 the first book in the German language was printed here. Bamberg passed to Bavaria in 1802 after the secularization of the see. An archbishopric was established in 1817. Bamberg's imperial cathedral (10041237) contains many notable statues, the tombs of Henry II, his wife Cunegund, and Pope Clement II, and a wooden altar carved by Veit Stoss. There are two bishops' palaces: the Alte Residenz, or old palace (157176), which houses a local history museum, and the splendid Neue Residenz (16951704), containing several notable art collections. Other historic buildings include the former Benedictine abbey and St. Michael's Church (consecrated 1015), the 12th-century St. Jacob's Church, St. Martin's (168593), the old town hall (1453; rebuilt 174456), the chapel of the ancient fortress on the Altenburg, and several Baroque patricians' houses. A former Jesuit university (16481803), later a theological academy, was united with a teachers college in 1972 to form a Gesamthochschule (a university-level institution for advanced technical training). Opposite the Civic Theatre is the E.T.A. Hoffmann house, where the poet and composer lived from 1808 to 1813. One of Bamberg's internationally known attractions is its symphony orchestra. Bamberg's industries include the manufacture of electrotechnical equipment, clothing, shoes, machinery, pianos, and porcelain. There is extensive market gardening and brewing. Pop. (1994 est.) 70,770.