BEDNORZ, J. GEORG

born May 16, 1950, West Germany in full Johannes Georg Bednorz German physicist who, along with Karl Alex Mller (q.v.), was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint discovery of superconductivity in certain substances at temperatures higher than had previously been thought attainable. Bednorz graduated from the University of Mnster in 1976 and earned his doctorate at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Zrich in 1982. That same year he joined the IBM Zrich Research Laboratory, where he was recruited by Mller into the latter's studies of superconductivity. In 1983 the two men began systematically testing newly developed ceramic materials known as oxides in the hope that such substances could act as superconductors. In their efforts Bednorz was the experimenter in charge of the actual making and testing of the oxides. In 1986 the two men succeeded in achieving superconductivity in a barium-lanthanum-copper oxide at a temperature of 35 kelvins (-238 C ), 12 K higher than the highest temperature at which superconductivity had previously been achieved in any substance.