HAYTER, STANLEY WILLIAM

born Dec. 27, 1901, London died May 4, 1988, Paris English printmaker and painter who founded Atelier 17, the most influential print workshop of the 20th century. Hayter was trained in geology at King's College, London University, and initially regarded art as an avocation. While he was working in the Middle East as a research chemist from 1922 to 1925, he painted in his spare time. In Paris in 1926 he met the painter and printmaker Jacques Villon, who introduced him to engraving, and was associated briefly with the Acadmie Julian before opening his own atelier the following year. During the 1930s Hayter operated a printmaking studio at 17 Rue Campagne-Premire in Paris. This studio gave its nameAtelier Dix-Septto a group of artists that at various times included Marc Chagall, Max Ernst, Joan Mir, and Pablo Picasso. Hayter relocated the studio to New York City for a time in the 1940s, but in 1950 he reestablished Atelier 17 in Paris. Many American artists, including Jackson Pollock, were also influenced by Hayter, particularly by his emphasis on automatism and reliance on the unconscious. He taught printmaking techniques at several U.S. colleges as well as at Atelier 17 itself. Hayter's writings include New Ways of Gravure (1949, revised 1966), About Prints (1962), and The Nature and Art of Motion (1964). He was made Officer (1959) and Commander (1967), Order of the British Empire, and an Honorary Royal Academician (1982).